Welcome to the latest edition of ‘India Judiciary Watch’. In this edition of India Judiciary Watch, we track a week in which the courts engaged directly with questions at the heart of electoral integrity, social justice, and state accountability. From the Supreme Court’s stay on the UGC’s new equity regulations and its close scrutiny of the Special Intensive Revision of electoral rolls, to High Courts interrogating state action on issues as varied as dowry law reform, civic pollution control, and data governance, the docket reflects how judicial oversight continues to shape both everyday governance and the broader political landscape. Together, these developments cover wide range of issues as to how interim orders, reserved judgments and final verdicts took shape the last week.
I. Key Legal Developments:
Supreme Court Stays UGC's Equity Regulations 2026, Finds It Prima Facie "Vague" And "Capable Of Misuse”
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Development: The Supreme Court has temporarily suspended the UGC's 2026 'Promotion of Equity' Regulations, citing prima facie concerns about vagueness and potential misuse. A Bench led by CJI Surya Kant specifically questioned Regulation 3(c), which limits protection against caste-based discrimination only to SC/ST/OBC students. The Court invoked Article 142 to stay the new framework, reverting to the 2012 UGC Regulations. Key issues raised include the lack of a distinct definition for caste-based discrimination, the exclusion of ragging, and the risk of societal division from measures like caste-segregated remedies. The challenge seeks a caste-neutral definition and equal access for all students. The Court suggested the regulations, notified on January 13, 2026, be reviewed by a committee of eminent jurists.
Supreme Court Reserves Judgment On Pleas Questioning Legality Of SIR
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Development: The Supreme Court has reserved its judgment on petitions challenging the Election Commission's Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls. The court scrutinized the ECI's justification for the revision's timing and scale, its authority to conduct a blanket revision, and allegations of procedural flaws, including the claim that approximately 88% of affected voters did not receive hearing notices before the objection period ended. The ECI defended the SIR as a necessary statutory duty. The Court also reiterated its stance that Aadhaar is valid for identity verification but not for proving citizenship.
New Type Of Fraud: Supreme Court On ‘Jaat Punia’ Man Converting To Buddhism, Seeking Minority Reservation
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Verdict: The Supreme Court, through a Bench comprising CJI Surya Kant and Justice Joymalya Bagchi, rejected the plea of Nikhil Kumar Punia, an upper-caste Hindu (Jaat Punia) who had converted to Buddhism and was seeking minority reservation. The Court characterized such attempts as a "new type of fraud" and challenged the legitimacy of claiming minority status through religious conversion. Following the dismissal, the Court ordered the Haryana Government to submit the guidelines it uses for issuing minority certificates, specifically those governing cases where general category candidates convert.
Steps Taken To Remove Objectionable Social Media Posts Against Justice GR Swaminathan, FIRs Registered : TN DGP Tells Supreme Court
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Verdict: The Tamil Nadu Director General of Police (DGP) submitted a status report to the Supreme Court, as requested on January 28th, 2026, regarding alleged defamatory remarks against Justice G.R. Swaminathan concerning his Karthigai Deepam order. The report states that the Cyber Crime Cell of the Greater Chennai Police registered an FIR under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, and the Information Technology Act. Notices were issued to intermediaries (X, Facebook, and YouTube) to remove the objectionable posts, preserve content, and disclose account details. The affidavit also mentioned other cases and preventive measures related to unauthorized protests near the Madras and Madurai Benches.
AI May Assist, But Only More Judges Can Match Exploding Supreme Court Filings : Justice Dipankar Datta
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Development: Justice Dipankar Datta addressed the high volume of Supreme Court case filings, arguing that Artificial Intelligence cannot replace the need for more judges. He stressed that adjudication requires human qualities like judgment and intuition, which technology lacks. While acknowledging AI's utility in legal research, drafting, and administration, he cautioned that its role must be assistive, not decisive, and warned against the risks of excessive reliance and uploading confidential data to public AI platforms.
‘Do They Have Their Own Aircraft?’ : Supreme Court Questions BCI Over Denying Travel Allowances To Ex-Judges Monitoring Elections
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Development: The Supreme Court scrutinized the Bar Council of India (BCI) for its failure to provide sufficient honorarium and travel allowances to retired High Court judges serving on High-Powered Election Committees tasked with overseeing State Bar Council elections. The Court voiced alarm that these judges were forced to personally cover their travel and accommodation expenses. The BCI was directed to provide an explanation by the following day. Additionally, the Court demanded that the BCI justify why it established a separate committee for the Rajasthan Bar Council elections without prior judicial notification.
Kerala Law Reforms Commission Proposes To Decriminalize Act Of 'Giving Dowry': State Tells Kerala High Court
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Development: The Kerala Government has proposed a draft amendment to the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961, put forth by the State Law Reforms Commission. The key proposal is to decriminalize the act of "giving dowry" to encourage victims to report abuse without fear of prosecution. The draft also seeks to narrow the definition of dowry to what is taken or demanded by the bridegroom or his relatives, while retaining the criminal liability for demanding dowry. The court has acknowledged the submission and has requested a response from the Union of India.
Delhi High Court Issues Notice On Congress Leader Karti Chidambaram's Plea Against Charges In Chinese Visa Scam Case
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Development: The Delhi High Court has requested a response from the CBI regarding Congress MP Karti P. Chidambaram's petition to overturn the charges against him in the Chinese visa scam case. Chidambaram argues there is no evidence to support charges under Sections 8 and 9 of the Prevention of Corruption Act and Section 204 IPC (destruction of evidence), specifically claiming a "complete absence" of material showing "demand or acceptance of any bribe." The High Court has also sought a reply on his application to stay the trial and has scheduled the matter for February 12. The trial court proceeding, concerning the admission/denial of documents, is listed for February 4.
Manipur Violence-Supreme Court Extends Tenure Of Justice Gita Mittal Committee Till July 2026
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Development: The Supreme Court, through a Bench comprising CJI Surya Kant and Justice Joymalya Bagchi, has extended the term of the three-member Justice Gita Mittal Committee until July 31, 2026. This committee was established to oversee the humanitarian aspects arising from the Manipur ethnic violence. The Bench regularized the committee's continuation beyond its original July 2025 deadline, acknowledging that the committee has already submitted 42 reports and is currently working on additional reports.
Supreme Court Slams Trade Unionism For Stunting Industrial Growth And Closing Factories
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Development: The Supreme Court recently expressed serious concern that excessive and rigid trade union activities are hindering industrial growth and factory operations. In a labour dispute case, the Court noted that such interference could obstruct economic development, deter investment, and negatively impact productivity. The Bench emphasized the need to balance protecting workers' rights with the necessity for industries to operate efficiently, urging that labour welfare approaches must evolve to align with current economic realities and not cripple industrial activity.
'No Coercive Steps' Against LoP Suvendu Adhikari Till Feb 19: State Gives Assurance In Calcutta High Court
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Development: The West Bengal State Government has assured the Leader of Opposition (LoP) Suvendu Adhikari that no coercive action will be taken against him until the next court hearing on February 19, 2026. This assurance was given during the hearing of Adhikari's plea for protection. His plea is based on an alleged attack on his convoy on January 10, 2026, where he claims an attempt was made to set his vehicle on fire despite police presence. Adhikari contends that a subsequent cross-FIR filed against him is politically motivated harassment, noting he has faced numerous FIRs since 2021. The bench acknowledged the merit of his apprehensions.
Supreme Court Appoints Justice Sanjay Kishan Kaul As Mediator In Thengalai–Vadagalai Temple Dispute
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Development: The Supreme Court has intervened in the ongoing Thengalai–Vadagalai sect dispute at the Sri Devaraja Swamy Temple in Kancheepuram regarding the recitation of mantram and prabandham. The Court appointed retired Justice Sanjay Kishan Kaul as a mediator, who is authorized to include two tradition and language experts to assist. The Court has mandated maintaining the strict status quo during the mediation and emphasized avoiding any law-and-order situation, specifically directing that police presence inside the temple should be avoided.
Pilot rest non-negotiable: DGCA to Delhi HC on plea against FDTL relaxation
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Development: The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) informed the Delhi High Court that the mandatory weekly rest for pilots remains fully enforced and no airline has received a waiver for it. In response to a PIL challenging temporary suspensions of some Flight Duty Time Limitations (FDTL) elements, the DGCA clarified that the revised FDTL norms to reduce pilot fatigue have not been withdrawn. The only relaxation granted was a limited, temporary exemption for IndiGo's night operations until February 10, 2026, to assist with operational issues following the new FDTL implementation. The Court is currently assessing the DGCA's power to grant such temporary relaxations.
‘Will US Authorities Cooperate If Indians Seek Information?’ : Supreme Court Asks Pfizer On Plea To Access Indian Company’s Docs
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Development: The Supreme Court, hearing Pfizer's challenge to a Madras High Court order refusing to enforce Letters Rogatory, questioned the principle of reciprocity in international judicial assistance, specifically whether US courts would offer similar cooperation to Indian companies. The Court flagged concerns about national sovereignty and unequal cooperation, noting that foreign jurisdictions frequently seek information from India but often fail to reciprocate. Pfizer argued that Letters Rogatory fundamentally operate on reciprocity, citing the urgency of a US patent infringement trial. The Supreme Court issued notice, clarifying its scrutiny was focused on the legal framework of judicial sanctity and reciprocity, and indicated the Union Government's position should be heard.
‘Not Police Officers’: Telangana High Court quashes IPC charges filed by forest officers in 2022 Amrabad assault case.
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Development: The Telangana High Court has sought clarification on the use of Indian Penal Code (IPC) charges by forest officials in relation to an alleged assault at the Amrabad Tiger Reserve. The Court expressed reservations, noting that the complaint appeared to have been filed by the forest officials themselves, and questioned the basis for invoking penal provisions. Notices have been issued to the State and the concerned officials, with the matter scheduled for a subsequent hearing.
Supreme Court Directs Publication Of 1.16 Crore Names Served Notices Citing ‘Logical Discrepancy’
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Development: The Supreme Court is currently hearing a case regarding alleged irregularities in Tamil Nadu's Special Intensive Revision (SIR) voter objection process and has asked the Election Commission of India (ECI) to consider extending West Bengal's SIR safeguards, particularly transparency measures, to Tamil Nadu. A Bench led by CJI Surya Kant issued three directives for Tamil Nadu: to publish the names and brief reasons for the 1.16 crore flagged voters at public places, to grant affected voters a 10-day extension past the January 30th deadline to submit objections, and to provide adequate staff and police support for the process. The matter was adjourned after the ECI requested time to seek instructions.
'Very Stressing': Delhi High Court Takes Suo Moto Cognizance Of Alleged Drug Syndicate In Okhla Industrial Area
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Development: The Delhi High Court initiated suo moto proceedings after a petition brought to light an alleged drug syndicate operating in the Okhla Industrial Area. Although the Court declined to entertain the original petition, noting it appeared to be driven by personal disputes, the bench acknowledged the gravity of the underlying issue. A division bench comprising Chief Justice Devendra Kumar Upadhyaya and Justice Tejas Karia appointed an amicus curiae to visit the site and conduct an independent inquiry. The local Station House Officer (SHO) was directed to provide security to the amicus curiae during this fact-finding mission. The matter is scheduled for the next hearing on February 27th, 2026.
Supreme Court Reserves Verdict in Stray Dogs Case
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Development: The Supreme Court has reserved its decision in the stray dogs matter after expressing serious concern over poor implementation of the Animal Birth Control (ABC) Rules. The Court highlighted issues such as inadequate sterilisation, a shortage of dog pounds and ABC centres, and the failure to clear stray dogs from campuses and highways. A Bench of Justices Vikram Nath, Sandeep Mehta, and N.V. Anjaria reviewed compliance, noting better progress in Uttar Pradesh but weak action plans in Punjab, Rajasthan, and Tamil Nadu. The Court warned that continued inaction would lead to a 10–15% annual growth in the stray dog population and directed the NHAI to take responsibility for highway safety and coordination, and the Animal Welfare Board of India to process all pending recognition applications quickly.
Delhi HC to hear NIA’s plea for death penalty for Yasin Malik on 22ṇd April
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Development: The Delhi High Court is set to hear two appeals on April 22, 2026, concerning the terror-funding case of Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front chief Yasin Malik. Malik, who was previously given a life sentence by a trial court, has filed a comprehensive appeal challenging both his conviction and the sentence. Concurrently, the National Investigation Agency (NIA) has appealed, arguing that the life imprisonment sentence is insufficient and seeking the death penalty for Malik. The High Court plans to consider both challenges simultaneously.
Supreme Court Agrees To Hear Air India Crash Early As NGO Flags Lack Of Response From Government, Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau
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Development: The Supreme Court has consented to an urgent hearing for a petition concerning the Air India Express crash. The petitioner, an NGO, had highlighted the lack of transparency from the Union Government and the Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB), stating that repeated requests for updates on the investigation status and remedial actions had gone unanswered. Consequently, the court acknowledged the concerns and agreed to schedule the matter for an early hearing.
Supreme Court Asks Centre, ECI To Respond To Plea Seeking Postal Ballot Rights For Students Away From Home
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Development: The Supreme Court has sought responses from the Centre, the Election Commission, and the UGC concerning a petition that advocates for offering students the option of postal ballots or alternative voting facilities when they are studying outside their home constituencies. The petition argues that the current exclusion of student voters from the postal voting system, which is available to other groups, effectively disenfranchises them and violates their constitutional rights (Articles 14, 19(1)(a), 21, and 326).
“Pay For Police Escort Or Don’t Go”: Bombay High Court To Abu Salem In Plea For Emergency Parole To Mourn Brother’s Demise
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Development: The Bombay High Court conditionally granted Abu Salem emergency parole to attend his brother's funeral, stipulating he must pay for the mandatory police escort, citing law and order concerns raised by the CBI and police, particularly in the communally sensitive area of Azamgarh. The court denied his request for unescorted parole. The State had approved two days, but the Court suggested extending it to four days, excluding travel time, contingent on Salem agreeing to cover the escort costs. The matter was adjourned for Salem to decide on the payment.
Mysuru Urban Development Authority Case: Relief For CM Siddaramaiah As Bengaluru Court Accepts Lokayukta Closure Report
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Development: A special court in Bengaluru accepted the Karnataka Lokayukta's closure report in the Mysuru Urban Development Authority (MUDA) case, providing relief to Chief Minister Siddaramaiah, his wife, her brother, and one other accused due to insufficient evidence of corruption. The investigation will, however, continue against other accused, with a final report due on February 9th, 2026. The court also rejected a contempt plea against the investigating officer and allowed the Enforcement Directorate to participate in the case in a limited capacity.
Acid Attack: Supreme Court Suggests More Stringent Punishment, Asks Why Can't Assets Of Convict Be Attached
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Development: The Supreme Court has issued key directives regarding acid attack cases. It urged the Union Government to consider stricter punishments and a potential shift in the burden of proof, similar to dowry death laws. The Court also instructed all High Courts to prioritize and swiftly dispose of these cases. Furthermore, States and Union Territories were directed to submit a detailed report within four weeks on existing compensation and rehabilitation schemes, including information on legal progress, victims' backgrounds, and medical expenses, to assess the adequacy of support. This intervention came during the hearing of a petition filed by survivor Shaheen Malik.
‘No Logic’ : Supreme Court Questions NBE’s Policy On Non-Disclosure Of Question Papers And Answer Keys of NEET PG
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Development: The Supreme Court has questioned the National Board of Examinations' (NBE) policy of not publicly releasing the question papers and answer keys for the NEET-PG exam. The Court found the NBE's justification unconvincing. The NBE had previously submitted an affidavit defending its non-disclosure, citing a 2012 expert committee report and arguing that releasing the information could lead to misuse by the coaching industry and compromise the confidentiality of its limited, specialized question bank, thereby protecting its intellectual property.
'MGNREGA ‘Scam’: Gujarat High Court Rejects Congress Leader Hira Jotva’s Revision Plea Against Bail Cancellation
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Development: The Gujarat High Court is hearing a petition filed by the Congress party to cancel the bail of its leader, Hira Jotva, who is accused in an alleged MGNREGA scam involving financial irregularities and misuse of public funds. The Congress argues the trial court erred in granting bail due to the serious nature of the allegations. Both the State and the accused oppose the plea, maintaining the bail was properly granted and conditions have not been breached. The High Court has sought responses from the parties and scheduled a future hearing.
Tata Power Moves Delhi High Court Against Delhi Electricity Commission Regulations Rules Forcing Distribution Companies To Finance Govt Works Without Interest, Notice Issued
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Development: Tata Power Delhi Distribution Ltd. (TPDDL), the electricity supplier for northern Delhi, has challenged recent amendments to the Delhi Electricity Commission Regulations in the Delhi High Court. TPDDL argues that the new rules force DISCOMs to fund Government infrastructure projects without the ability to recover interest, the time value of money, or compensation for delayed payments. The company asserts that the previous "full-deposit basis" system for such "deposit works" was designed to prevent any financial burden on the Annual Revenue Requirement, ensuring the cost was tariff-neutral for consumers.
'At Least Final Report Should Be There': Kerala High Court Says FIRs In Other Rape Cases Not Antecedents Against MLA Rahul Mamkootathil
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Development: The Kerala High Court has reserved its verdict on the anticipatory bail plea of Palakkad MLA Rahul Mamkootathil in a case involving rape and miscarriage allegations. The Court observed that other pending FIRs against the MLA cannot be treated as criminal antecedents since no final reports have been submitted. While the complainant's statement prima facie suggested a consensual relationship, the Court flagged the specific allegations of forceful intercourse on March 17, 2025, and the subsequent miscarriage as serious matters requiring further investigation. The production of relevant chat messages was directed before the final order is issued.
Mumbai Air Pollution: High Court Flags ‘Insufficient’ Civic Monitoring, Forms Panel To Oversee Mitigation Norms
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Development: The Bombay High Court criticized the inadequate air pollution control mechanisms in Mumbai, citing a failure by authorities to implement mitigation measures for road dust, construction, and vehicular emissions. To address the worsening air quality and ensure compliance, the High Court established a monitoring panel to supervise the enforcement of pollution control norms and mandated full cooperation and regular reporting from civic bodies. The court will continue its oversight of the matter.
Punjab And Haryana High Court Stops Haryana From Axing 12,000 Trees In Rohtak’s ‘Green Lungs’
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Development: The Punjab and Haryana High Court has ordered an immediate halt to tree cutting for a proposed commercial development on a 38-acre green space in central Rohtak. The Court intervened in a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) challenging the State's plan, noting the land, acquired in 2002, had naturally developed into a dense forest with over 12,000 mature trees. The petitioner argues the site qualifies as a "forest" under the Forest Conservation Act, 1980, and a Haryana notification, alleging that tree felling commenced without the mandatory Central Government approval, thus violating the Act.
Politically Backward Classes Not Same As OBCs: Plea In Supreme Court Challenging Maharashtra's Banthia Commission Report Accepted
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Development: The Supreme Court, through a bench including CJI Surya Kant, has issued notice on a plea challenging the Banthia Commission's findings regarding OBC reservations in Maharashtra's local body elections. The petitioners, including the NGO Youth for Equality Foundation and represented by Senior Advocate Gopal Sankarnarayanan, are seeking the constitution of a fresh committee to determine 'Politically Backward Classes' in the state. They argue that the Banthia Committee's 2022 report, which recommended 27% reservation for OBCs, failed to adhere to the triple test established by the Apex Court in K. Krishna Murthy v. Union of India for determining 'political backwardness', and are therefore seeking a fresh evaluation of 'political backwardness' across all local bodies in Maharashtra.
Sambhal Violence: Days After FIR Ordered Against Cops, High Court Grants Interim Anticipatory Bail To Man Who Alleged Police Shot Him
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Development: The Allahabad High Court granted interim anticipatory bail to Mohd Alam, a youth whose father had successfully petitioned a Sambhal Chief Judicial Magistrate (CJM) Court to order the registration of an FIR against police officials, claiming Alam was a victim of unprovoked police firing during November 2024 violence. The State Government, however, disputed Alam's gunshot injury from police fire. Notably, Alam himself faces an FIR for charges including rioting and attempted murder. A significant development followed the CJM's decision: the transferring of CJM Vibhanshu Sudheer, who had allowed the plea against the police, just seven days after issuing the order.
Can ED Conduct Search And Seizure Without Predicate Offence? Karnataka High Court To Decide
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Development: The Karnataka High Court is hearing a legal challenge by Puppys Tours and Travels LLP against the Enforcement Directorate's (ED) authority under the PMLA, 2002. The key issue is whether the ED can conduct search and seizure operations without a "live predicate offence." Justice M. Nagaprasanna allowed the investigation and seizure to continue but directed the ED's adjudicating authority not to finalize the proceedings until the court rules on the main issue. The court orally questioned the maintainability of the ECIR (Enforcement Case Information Report) without an underlying predicate offense, contrasting with the ED's argument for independent search powers.
Sigachi Factory Blast PIL: Telangana HC Demands Clarity On Compensation, Orders Legal Aid For Kin Of Deceased
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Development: The Telangana High Court has requested a detailed update from the State Government on the compensation provided to the families of those killed and the assistance given to the injured survivors of the Sigachi Industries factory blast. Hearing a Public Interest Litigation (PIL), the court expressed concern over the absence of clear compensation and rehabilitation orders and stressed the need for legal and institutional support for the affected workers. The High Court directed the authorities to formally submit detailed information on the compensation disbursed, medical aid, and planned relief measures.
Pulsar Suni Approaches Kerala High Court Challenging Conviction & Sentence In 2017 Actress Assault Case
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Development: Pulsar Suni, the main accused in the 2017 actress abduction and sexual assault case, has appealed his conviction and 20-year sentence to the Kerala High Court. His appeal challenges the Sessions Court's reliance on identification evidence, call data records, and other electronic material, while alleging serious procedural lapses in the investigation. Suni is also seeking the suspension of his sentence, noting he has already served nearly eight years, which is more than one-third of the total sentence.
Madras High Court Stays Construction And Renovation In Ancient Temples
Across State
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Development: The Madras High Court has stayed all construction and renovation activities in ancient temples across Tamil Nadu until the state appoints a chairperson for the Tamil Nadu Heritage Commission. A bench expressed strong displeasure at the State's prolonged delay in constituting the commission, noting that over a year and a half has passed since the Heritage Commission Act was enacted. The commission's function is critical for providing expert advice on the restoration and preservation of historical structures. The directive was issued during a hearing concerning alleged illegal constructions at the Arulmigu Arunachaleswarar Thirukoil in Tiruvannamalai, where the court had previously ordered the State to set up the commission within a month.
Not stopping Jan Aushadhi Kendras Outside Hospital Premises, Karnataka Government Informs High Court
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Development: The Karnataka High Court has sought a response from the State Government regarding a legal challenge to its policy allowing Jan Aushadhi Kendras to operate within government hospitals. Petitioners claim the policy creates unfair competition and regulatory issues for existing pharmacies, while the State defends it as a welfare measure to improve patient access to affordable medicine. The High Court has ordered authorities to submit the policy's framework and guidelines for the next hearing.
SIT summons former Telangana CM Chandrashekhar Rao over Telangana phone tapping case
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Development: The Telangana Special Investigation Team (SIT) has summoned former Chief Minister and BRS President, K. Chandrashekar Rao (KCR), for questioning in a probe concerning the alleged illegal phone tapping of political figures, bureaucrats, and private citizens during the previous BRS government's tenure. The summons is linked to high-level governmental decisions and the operations of the Special Intelligence Bureau. The BRS has denied the claims, calling the investigation politically motivated, while the SIT continues to gather evidence.
TP Chandrashekharan Murder : Supreme Court Seeks Medical Report On Convict Geothi Babu’s Interim Bail Plea
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Development: The Supreme Court has ordered a medical board at Kannur Medical College to examine Geothi Babu, a convict in the TP Chandrashekharan murder case, who is seeking interim bail due to a severe kidney ailment requiring dialysis and potentially a transplant. Justices Dipankar Datta and Satish Chandra Sharma adjourned the matter for ten days, noting that while the State opposed the bail on its merits, it did not object to the interim bail based on the convict's critical health condition. The Court emphasized that "the convict must remain alive for the sentence to be enforced.".
Kerala HC Hears KSU Challenge Against ₹20 Crore Nava Kerala Survey
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Development: The Kerala Students Union (KSU) has petitioned the Kerala High Court to halt the State Government's ₹20 crore Navakerala Survey, which the KSU State President called "illegal," alleging it is an effort by the ruling CPI(M) to influence the upcoming Assembly elections. The KSU cited the appointment of party cadres as volunteers and the timing of the survey (between local body and Assembly elections) as evidence of political motive, and sought to include CPI(M) State Secretary M.V. Govindan as a respondent. However, the court questioned the KSU on the lack of specific data on the political affiliation of volunteers or evidence of exclusion. While the KSU objected to the use of public funds for the exercise, the court observed that conducting surveys is also a legitimate government function for implementing welfare programs.
Deepathoon Protest: High Court Grants Relief For Hindu Munnani cadre
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Development: The Madras High Court has halted proceedings in a case against Hindu Munnani cadres. The case was filed after the cadres protested against police officials for allegedly disobeying a High Court order to light a "Karthigai deepam" (lamp) atop Thiruparankundram hill in Madurai. The cadres argued that their protest was peaceful, aimed at condemning the officials who flouted the court order, and did not promote enmity between groups.
Advocates Association Bengaluru Flags Lack Of OBC Representation In Karnataka High Court Judge Appointments
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Development: The Advocates' Association, Bengaluru (AAB), has written to the Chief Justice of the Karnataka High Court to express concern over the lack of representation for lawyers from Other Backward Classes (OBCs), specifically the BCM-A category, in the latest judicial appointment proposals. The AAB noted that none of the ten candidates recommended from the Bar quota belonged to the OBC or BCM-A categories. They highlighted the existing poor diversity, stating that OBCs, who make up over 25% of Karnataka's population, have a disproportionately low representation of only 5-7% (2-3 judges) on the bench of 38 sanctioned judges.
Vijay's TVK Party Moves Madras High Court Challenging SOP For Political Rallies, Raises Concern Over Free Speech
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Development: Actor Vijay’s TVK party has challenged Tamil Nadu's Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for political meetings in the Madras High Court, calling it unconstitutional and discriminatory. TVK argues the SOP violates Articles 14 and 19 by favoring Election Commission–recognised parties, imposing disproportionate restrictions, unfairly shifting law-and-order responsibility, and creating practical issues like vague timelines and uncertainty during the Model Code of Conduct. TVK seeks a court order for the State to reframe the SOP uniformly after stakeholder consultation. The judge preliminarily suggested a mandatory pre-deposit from parties to cover potential damages.
Kerala Congress Leader Booked For Social Media Post Linking CM Pinarayi Vijayan To Sabarimala Gold Theft Moves Kerala High Court
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Development: N. Subramanian, a Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee member, has petitioned the Kerala High Court to quash an FIR filed against him over a Facebook post. The post allegedly linked Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan to an accused in the Sabarimala gold theft case. Subramanian argues his arrest and mobile phone seizure violate his fundamental rights, particularly freedom of expression, asserting the post was legitimate political criticism. The State has requested time to submit instructions and assured the court that no final report will be filed before February 2nd, and the matter is scheduled for a future hearing.
ED arrests former RCom director Punit Garg
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Development: The Enforcement Directorate (ED) has taken Punit Garg, a former director of Reliance Communications (RCom), into custody. His arrest is part of a money-laundering investigation under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA), focusing on the alleged diversion and misuse of funds borrowed from public sector banks. The ED alleges that the illicit proceeds were channeled through various entities. Garg has been remanded to ED custody to facilitate further investigation.
‘Matter Of Concern’: High Court Seeks Affidavit From Ministry On Steps To Fill Up National Minorities Commission Vacancies
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Development: The Delhi High Court has expressed serious concern regarding the significant number of vacant posts in the National Minorities Commission (NMC). Acknowledging that prolonged vacancies in this statutory regulator could negatively affect governance and decision-making crucial for safeguarding minority rights, the Court has directed the Ministry of Minority Affairs to provide an affidavit. This affidavit must detail the steps taken, the reasons for the delays, and a specific timeline for filling the vacant positions. The matter has been scheduled for a subsequent hearing.
PIL In Delhi High Court Seeks Appointment Of Chairperson, Staff For Delhi Commission For Women
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Development: A Public Interest Litigation (PIL) has been filed in the Delhi High Court by RJD MP Sudhakar Singh, through Advocate Satyam Singh Rajput, seeking the immediate filling of the vacant Chairperson and staff positions at the Delhi Commission for Women (DCW). The plea contends that the DCW, despite its statutory mandate, has been "physically inaccessible and operationally defunct for a prolonged period," hindering its crucial role in supporting women. The PIL notes that prior representations sent to the Delhi Government's Chief Secretary and the Lieutenant Governor in December received no action, and therefore seeks a court direction to ensure the DCW's full physical and administrative functioning.
Karnataka Mulls Restricting Social Media For Minors
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Development: The Karnataka Government is contemplating implementing age-based restrictions on social media access for minors, following the lead of countries like Australia and the UK. IT Minister Priyank Kharge confirmed that consultations are in progress, prompted by concerns from MLA S. Suresh Kumar regarding "digital addiction" and minors' exposure to inappropriate content. Although the Government has a digital detox program with Meta engaging students and teachers, the Minister recognized the necessity for a formal regulatory framework to safeguard minors' mental health and safety from harmful digital content.
Calcutta HC Directs Election Commission, Bengal Government To File Reports On Firm Pulling Out Of Poll Booth Work
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Development: The Calcutta High Court has ordered the Election Commission and the West Bengal Government to submit reports within a week regarding the withdrawal of the state-run company, Mackintosh Burn Limited (MBL), from providing Assured Minimum Facilities (AMF) at polling booths. MBL, a PWD undertaking, cited "practical considerations" for pulling out of the task it had been assigned since last July for the upcoming assembly polls. The Court's order, in response to a PIL, questions the delay in identifying MBL's inability to perform and directs the EC to detail its steps for securing necessary poll infrastructure. MBL also faces the potential for criminal proceedings.
Patna Neet Aspirant Death Case: Nitish Kumar Recommends CBI Probe
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Development: The Bihar Government has formally requested a CBI probe into the death of an 18-year-old NEET aspirant in Patna, amid public outrage and allegations of a police cover-up. Chief Minister Nitish Kumar recommended the central investigation after a forensic report confirmed the presence of semen on the victim's clothing, which contradicts initial police claims of a suicide by sleeping pill overdose. The student died on January 11, 2026. While a state SIT arrested the hostel owner and suspended two officers, the victim's family claims they are being pressured to withdraw their sexual assault accusations. Deputy CM Samrat Choudhary stated the CBI probe is intended to ensure a "transparent and fair" investigation into the alleged sexual assault and murder.
Use Of Stem Cells To Treat Autism ‘Unethical’: Supreme Court
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Development: The Supreme Court has upheld a 2023 National Medical Commission (NMC) recommendation, ruling that using stem cell therapy for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is “professional misconduct” and “unethical.” Justices Vikram Nath and Prasanna B. Varale affirmed this decision due to the therapy’s lack of established scientific protocol and clinical evidence, noting it is still in the experimental stage. The ruling prohibits medical practitioners from advertising or administering the treatment for ASD, emphasizing that promoting it as a standard cure violates medical ethics and that patient safety must take precedence over parental desperation until validated results are confirmed.
In Garb Of Free Speech…’: Karnataka HC Refuses To Quash Case Over Obscene Depictions Of Hindu Deities In Whatsapp Group
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Development: The Karnataka High Court, through Justice M. Nagaprasanna, refused to dismiss a criminal case concerning the circulation of obscene and offensive depictions of Hindu deities and political figures in a WhatsApp group. The court ruled that such material is not protected by the right to free speech as it has the potential to outrage religious feelings and disturb public order, stating that free speech is subject to reasonable restrictions. Furthermore, the court rejected the necessity of prior Government sanction for the offence under Section 295A IPC and allowed the ongoing investigation to continue.
III. Details of Important Cases:
A. Supreme Court
Menstrual Health Fundamental Right Under Article 21; Ensure Girls Get Free Sanitary Pads In Schools : Supreme Court
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Verdict: The Supreme Court held that menstrual health is a facet of the right to life and dignity under Article 21 of the Constitution, and directed the authorities to ensure the availability of free sanitary pads to girl students in schools, emphasising the State’s constitutional obligation to safeguard health, dignity and access to education.
Supreme Court Dismisses Jiostar Plea Against CCI Probe Into Dominance Abuse In Kerala Cable Market
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Verdict: The Supreme Court has declined to halt a preliminary investigation by the Competition Commission of India (CCI) into JioStar. The probe, initiated following a complaint by Asianet Digital Network, alleges that JioStar is abusing its dominant position in the Kerala cable TV market, violating Section 4 of the Competition Act, 2002. Specific accusations include discriminatory pricing, denial of market access, and using sham marketing agreements for excessive discounts. The Court dismissed JioStar's argument that the matter should be exclusively governed by the TRAI regulatory framework.
Supreme Court Refuses To Entertain Plea Against 'VIP Darshan' At Ujjain Mahakaleshwar Temple
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Verdict: The Supreme Court refused to entertain a plea challenging the practice of VIP darshan at the Mahakaleshwar Temple, Ujjain, holding that the issue is non-justiciable and falls within the domain of temple authorities. Observing that courts cannot regulate access to a temple’s garbhagriha, the Bench permitted the petitioner to withdraw the plea with liberty to make a representation to the competent authorities.
Supreme Court Refuses To Entertain Plea For SC/ST Reservation In Bar Councils
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Verdict: The Supreme Court refused to hear a petition seeking reservation for SC/ST candidates in State Bar Councils. The Court stated that the plea was filed too late, specifically after the election schedules had already been made public. The Bench stressed that its prior action had ensured representation for women lawyers, not reservation, and therefore, similar last-minute relief could not be granted for SC/ST lawyers. The petitioners were, however, given the option to approach the appropriate authorities to raise this issue for consideration in future elections.
Development And Environment Have To Go Hand In Hand: Supreme Court Allows Tree Felling
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Verdict: The Supreme Court upheld the decision not to halt tree felling for the Ahmedabad riverfront project's second phase, emphasizing the balance between development and environmental protection. The Court agreed with the National Green Tribunal (NGT) that the removed trees were easily regenerable, wild-growth gando baval on non-forest land. The plea was closed after the commitment to double compensatory afforestation, and the NGT was instructed to form a committee to find suitable land for the new plantation.
Complaints Before Magistrate Against Public Servants Must Be In Writing Supported By Affidavit: Supreme Court
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Verdict: The Supreme Court has imposed strict procedural requirements for seeking a court-ordered investigation against public servants under Section 175(4) of the BNSS. The new rules mandate that complaints must be submitted in writing and supported by an affidavit, explicitly disallowing oral submissions. Furthermore, the Court clarified that judicial orders passed by a magistrate under Section 175(4) cannot be challenged through writ petitions under Article 226. This ruling was made to correct jurisdictional overreach by a single-judge who intervened in ongoing magisterial proceedings.
SC Sets Aside Gujarat HC Order On Taking Back Grazing Land From APSEZ
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Verdict: The Supreme Court has set aside a Gujarat High Court order that directed the Gujarat Government to reclaim 108 hectares of grazing land from Adani Ports and SEZ (APSEZ) near Mundra port. The apex court's decision was based on the finding that APSEZ was not given a proper opportunity to be heard by either the state authorities or the High Court. The Supreme Court has directed the Gujarat Government to examine APSEZ’s objections within two weeks, allowed the High Court to rehear the matter, and ordered that the status quo on the land allotment must be maintained pending the fresh proceedings. The dispute originated from a PIL filed by villagers claiming insufficient grazing land after the allotment.
Waqf Tribunal Can't Entertain Claims Over Properties Not Specified In 'List Of Auquf' Or Not Registered Under Waqf Act : Supreme Court
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Verdict: The Supreme Court recently ruled that Waqf Tribunals have jurisdiction only over properties officially 'notified' or 'registered' under the Waqf Act, 1995. A Bench of Justices Sanjay Kumar and K. Vinod Chandran set aside a Telangana High Court order, emphasizing that notification or registration is a mandatory requirement. This decision reaffirmed the principle from the Ramesh Gobindram case (2010), confirming that tribunals cannot hear disputes concerning unregistered properties.
NEET-PG : Supreme Court Directs NMC To Include 49 Seats Of HIMSR In 2025-26 Counselling Amid Jamia Hamdard Affiliation Dispute
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Verdict: The Supreme Court has directed the National Medical Commission (NMC) to provisionally include 49 postgraduate medical seats from the Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSR) in the NEET-PG 2025–26 counselling to prevent them from lapsing. This temporary inclusion, made in the interest of eligible candidates as counselling was imminent, is pending the final outcome of an appeal. The underlying dispute involves Jamia Hamdard Deemed University's non-consent to the affiliation, an issue stemming from a Delhi High Court order that had set aside a mandatory affiliation grant.
Supreme Court Sets Aside Kerala HC Order Disqualifying Ex-MLA KM Shaji From Elections For 6 Years
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Verdict: The Supreme Court has partially overturned a 2018 Kerala High Court ruling against former MLA K.M. Shaji. The apex court upheld the High Court's finding that Shaji had engaged in corrupt practices, which nullified his 2016 election victory in the Azhikode Assembly constituency. However, the Supreme Court struck down the accompanying six-year ban on contesting elections, clarifying that only the President of India has the authority to impose such a disqualification under the Representation of the People Act, 1951. The Bench also noted that the question of the election's validity is moot since Shaji's term has already ended.
'After Getting Out, You Start Making Reels' : Supreme Court Rejects Savukku Shankar's Plea Against Madras HC's Bail Conditions
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Verdict: The Supreme Court refused to interfere with the strict bail conditions imposed by the Madras High Court on YouTuber-journalist Savukku Shankar, upholding the restrictions. The Court justified the strict conditions, noting that Shankar had misused the interim bail granted on medical grounds by posting videos and reels on YouTube instead of seeking treatment. The bail itself remains, but the conditions, which restrict public commentary and movement, stand.
'UGC Regulations Override State Law On Search Committee For University VC Appointment: Supreme Court
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Verdict: The Supreme Court has mandated that the UGC Regulations take precedence over State laws regarding the formation of search-cum-selection committees for appointing university Vice-Chancellors. The Court's decision stressed that States must adhere to the UGC Regulations, which are framed under the UGC Act, and any inconsistency in State legislation or executive action is invalid. This ruling emphasizes the necessity of maintaining uniform standards in higher education governance, asserting that States are not permitted to deviate from applicable UGC norms.
‘Fortifies aspersion of bias’: SC raps RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra’s presence in ITAT panel, seeks fresh review of IRS officer’s case
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Verdict: The Supreme Court has overturned a 2024 decision by the Search-Cum-Selection Committee (SCSC) that rejected a senior IRS officer's application for a position in the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT). The Court set aside the decision due to a "genuine perception of bias," specifically censuring the inclusion of Sanjay Malhotra, the then Revenue Secretary and current RBI Governor, on the panel. The Court noted that Malhotra had previously faced contempt proceedings initiated by the petitioner and his refusal to withdraw from the SCSC was deemed a breach of natural justice. Additionally, the Court criticized the Centre for "rank procrastination" in failing to submit a counter-affidavit. The Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT) has been ordered to form a new SCSC, excluding Sanjay Malhotra, within four weeks to re-evaluate the officer's application.
B. Delhi High Court
‘Not Maintainable’: Delhi High Court Rejects Jailed MP Engineer Rashid’s Appeal Against Order Framing Charges In UAPA Case
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Verdict: The Delhi High Court dismissed an appeal by jailed MP Engineer Rashid challenging a trial court's order to frame charges against him under the UAPA and IPC. The High Court rejected the appeal at the outset, ruling that the trial court's order was interlocutory (not final) and thus not maintainable in appeal under the National Investigation Agency (NIA) Act. The Court cited a previous ruling that Section 21 of the NIA Act allows appeals only against final orders.
Delhi High Court Rejects Sameer Wankhede's Defamation Suit Against Netflix Series 'Ba***ds of Bollywood'
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Verdict: The Delhi High Court dismissed a defamation suit filed by IRS officer Sameer Wankhede against the Netflix series 'Ba***ds of Bollywood' due to a lack of territorial jurisdiction. The court ordered Wankhede to file the case in a competent court, as both Wankhede and the principal defendants (including Red Chillies Entertainment) are based in Mumbai. The court did not rule on the merits of the defamation claim, where the defendants argued the series is satire.
Delhi High Court grants relief to JioStar, orders blocking of apps, websites illegally streaming Cricket World Cup
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Verdict: The Delhi High Court granted JioStar India Pvt. Ltd. ex-parte ad interim relief, ordering the real-time blocking of websites and mobile applications illegally streaming the Under-19 Men’s Cricket World Cup and the upcoming ICC Men’s T20 World Cup 2026. Justice Jyoti Singh noted the recurring threat of piracy and the urgency required to prevent irreparable harm and revenue loss for the rights holder. The order permits JioStar to immediately notify ISPs, MeitY, DoT, and domain registrars to block the identified pirating URLs and applications.
C. Bombay High Court
Frontline Health Worker Entitled To PM Garib Kalyan Package Compensation Even If Posted At Non-Notified Hospital: Bombay High Court
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Verdict: The Bombay High Court’s Kolhapur Circuit Bench ruled that compensation under the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Package (PMGKP) cannot be denied simply because a hospital was not officially designated for Covid-19 treatment. The court directed authorities to pay compensation to Sunil Mohite, whose wife, a nurse, died after contracting Covid-19 while treating suspected patients at the Police Hospital in Sangli. Her claim had been initially rejected because the hospital was not formally designated, but the Bench noted that the original PMGKP order did not require the deceased health worker to have been employed in a formally requisitioned hospital.
D. Calcutta High Court
Indo-Bangladesh Border Fencing: Calcutta High Court Directs State To Handover Land Acquired In Nine Districts To BSF By March 31
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Verdict: The Calcutta High Court has ordered the West Bengal Government to transfer possession of already acquired and compensated land to the Border Security Force (BSF) by March 31, 2026, for the purpose of completing border fencing along the Indo-Bangladesh border. The ruling, in response to a PIL, highlighted that roughly 26% of the border remains unfenced. The Court dismissed the State's administrative excuses for delay, such as electoral roll revision, stating that national security cannot be impeded. Furthermore, the Court questioned the State's use of the Direct Purchase Policy for defence land, noting it was intended for stalled infrastructure, not matters of sovereignty and border security.
E. Kerala High Court
Kerala HC Lays Down Guidelines For Prompt Reporting Of Malpractices At Sabarimala, Other Devaswom Temples
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Verdict: The Kerala High Court has directed the Travancore Devaswom Board (TDB) to implement detailed guidelines to ensure prompt reporting and action against malpractices at the Sabarimala Temple and its other managed temples. Key measures mandated for transparency and corruption control include mandatory quarterly vigilance reports (separate for Sabarimala and other temples), time-bound disciplinary action, heightened vigilance during the Mandala–Makaravilakku season, and continuous oversight by the Sabarimala Special Commissioner.
No Ulterior Motive: Kerala High Court Clears State In Sprinklr Data Sharing Controversy
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Verdict: The Kerala High Court dismissed a 2020 petition challenging the State Government's decision to hire Sprinklr for COVID-19 data management, finding no mala fide intention, ulterior motive, or violation of the right to privacy. The Court ruled that Sprinklr was a temporary crisis-response tool, emphasizing that the data remained under State control, no breach occurred, and the arrangement was quickly ended. The court also made permanent the interim directions from April 2020 regarding data protection and consent requirements.
Why Kerala High Court Has Allowed Physiotherapists To Use The Title ‘Dr’
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Verdict: The Kerala High Court has ruled that physiotherapists and occupational therapists are permitted to use the prefix "Dr," dismissing petitions from the Indian Medical Association and other doctors' bodies. The Court determined that the title "Doctor" is not exclusively reserved for medical practitioners and is recognized under the National Commission for Allied and Healthcare Professions (NCAHP) Act, 2021, when used with appropriate suffixes like PT or OT. The ruling clarified that while they can use the title, these professionals remain barred from practicing allopathic medicine or prescribing drugs.
Offence Of Cruelty Against Woman U/S 498A IPC Not Attracted If Marriage Annulled By Competent Court: Kerala High Court
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Verdict: The Kerala High Court has ruled that criminal proceedings under Section 498A of the IPC (cruelty) cannot continue after a competent court has annulled the marriage. Justice C. Pratheep Kumar's decision is based on the principle that the annulment makes the marriage void ab initio (invalid from the start). The key implication is that a man whose marriage is annulled is not considered a "husband" under Section 498A, and since a valid marital relationship is essential for the offence, the statutory protection is inapplicable. Consequently, the High Court quashed the criminal case against the man and his mother.
F. Allahabad High Court
Allahabad High Court Rejects PIL Questioning Lowering Of NEET-PG 2025-26 Cut-Offs
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Verdict: The Allahabad High Court dismissed a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) challenging the National Board of Examinations in Medical Sciences (NBEMS) reduction of NEET-PG 2025–26 qualifying cut-off percentiles. The court declined to hear the petition, noting that a similar challenge was already rejected by the Delhi High Court and is pending before the Supreme Court. The petitioner had argued that the cut-off reductions, which included lowering the percentile for SC/ST/OBC categories to 0 (equivalent to -40 marks), were unconstitutional and violated initial guidelines.
Mahakumbh Stampede: Allahabad HC Directs Relief Within 30 Days
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Verdict: The Allahabad High Court has ordered the Uttar Pradesh Government to finalize ex-gratia compensation claims within 30 days for the 37 victims of the Mahakumbh stampede on January 29, 2025. The directive was issued in response to a petition filed by Uday Pratap Singh, who challenged the delay in his wife's claim. The Bench, comprised of Justices Ajit Kumar and Swarupama Chaturvedi, emphasized the need for dignified relief and criticized procedural failures, including the handover of a body without an inquest or autopsy report. A compliance report is due by the next hearing on February 18, 2026.
Allahabad High Court Refuses Relief To 'News18' Journalists Over Alleged Telecast Claiming UP STF IG Released Criminal For Money
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Verdict: The Allahabad High Court (Lucknow Bench) refused to quash summons issued to News18 journalists in a criminal defamation case filed by senior IPS officer Amitabh Yash. The case concerns a 2017 telecast alleging the officer released a criminal for money. The Court, exercising its powers under Section 482 of the CrPC, ruled it cannot conduct a mini-trial or assess the truthfulness of the broadcast, especially since the Magistrate had already considered statements under Sections 200 and 202 of the CrPC before issuing the summons.
No Instant Rewards For UP Cops; Mandatory FIR & Medical Aid For Injured: Allahabad High Court Tightens Noose On 'Encounter Culture'
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Verdict: The Allahabad High Court has significantly tightened its control over police encounters in Uttar Pradesh, mandating strict adherence to the Supreme Court's 2016 PUCL guidelines. Key directives include explicitly banning incentives like promotions or awards for encounters, requiring separate FIRs, independent investigations, and immediate medical aid for the injured accused. The Court strongly condemned the practice of 'half encounters' (shooting the accused in the leg) as unlawful and an overreach of police authority. The ruling emphasized judicial authority to administer punishment and warned that district police chiefs could face contempt proceedings for non-compliance. It also empowered affected families to seek redressal directly from the Sessions Judge and raised concerns about the proportionality of force used, especially when police sustained no injuries.
'Chop Off The Deadwood': High Court Quashes 1991 Vidhan Sabha Ruckus Case; Urges UP Govt To Frame Policy For Stale Litigations
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Verdict: The Allahabad High Court (Lucknow Bench) recently quashed criminal proceedings that had been pending for over 34 years, concerning an alleged ruckus at the Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Sabha in 1991. Justice Pankaj Bhatia's bench allowed applications under Section 482 CrPC, citing the judiciary's severe lack of resources and, crucially, the excessive delay as a violation of the accused persons' fundamental right to a speedy trial under Article 21 of the Constitution. The court noted that in over 30 years since cognizance was taken, not a single witness had been examined, leading to the dismissal of the entire proceedings before the District Court in Lucknow.
Allahabad High Court raps Chief Judicial Magistrate for justifying wrong order by saying “usual practice in UP”
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Verdict: The Allahabad High Court reprimanded a Chief Judicial Magistrate (CJM) for illegally taking cognizance of a theft chargesheet after the statutory limitation period, an action the CJM attempted to excuse as "usual practice." The High Court stressed that informal or illegal practices cannot override the existing law under the CrPC, declaring the late cognizance impermissible under Sections 468 and 469 CrPC. Although no disciplinary action was taken, the Court cautioned the officer, directed other magistrates not to follow the practice, and ordered the Judicial Training and Research Institute to educate judicial officers on passing lawful cognizance orders.
G. Madhya Pradesh High Court
DGCA Indore Water Contamination: MP High Court Orders Judicial Inquiry, Directs Daily Testing Of Water
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Verdict: The Madhya Pradesh High Court has ordered a judicial inquiry into the severe water contamination in Indore's Bhagirathpura. Justice Sushil Kumar Gupta (retd.) was appointed as a one-member commission to investigate the cause of contamination, the actual death toll, the nature of reported diseases, and the adequacy of the official medical response. The Court found prima facie evidence of a serious issue based on photographs, medical reports, and complaints. To address the crisis, the Court also ordered daily water quality testing and the establishment of medical camps. The commission is further tasked with fixing responsibility on negligent officials and suggesting compensation guidelines.
High Courts Flooded With Service Matters: Madhya Pradesh HC Suggests State To Create In-House Employee Dispute Resolution System
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Verdict: The Madhya Pradesh High Court, through Justice Vinay Saraf’s bench, recommended that the State Government create an internal Dispute Resolution System to manage employee complaints. The court noted that a large volume of service matters (including transfers, pay, promotion, and termination) are unnecessarily burdening the High Court because employees are “compelled” to seek judicial resolution, which is inefficient and costly for the State. These disputes, the court observed, could be settled much earlier.
H. Karnataka High Court
Karnataka High Court Denies Bail To PFI Member Booked For 'Conspiring' To Radicalize Muslim Youth To Commit Terrorist Acts
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Verdict: The Karnataka High Court upheld the denial of bail to a PFI member accused under the IPC and UAPA of conspiring to radicalize Muslim youth and raise funds for terrorist activities. The High Court agreed with the NIA court that there were “reasonable grounds to believe” the accused’s involvement, thus invoking the bail restriction under Section 43D of the UAPA. The Court dismissed arguments related to the lack of sanction, alleged procedural issues, and trial delay, stating these do not warrant bail and cannot turn the proceeding into a “mini-trial.”
Karnataka HC Lifts Ban On Bike Taxis, Directs State To Grant Contract Carriage Permits
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Verdict: The Karnataka High Court has legalized bike taxis in a landmark ruling on January 23, 2026, ending a seven-year legal fight. The decision mandates the State Government to issue necessary permits, recognizing bike taxi operation as a legitimate profession under Article 19(1)(g) of the Constitution. This ruling was based on Central Government notifications and the Motor Vehicle Aggregator Guidelines, 2025, and overturns an April 2025 single bench order that had previously halted bike taxi operations.
I. Madras High Court
State Can’t Unilaterally Deploy Temple Funds To Upgrade Temple Without Trustees’ Approval: Madras High Court
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Verdict: The Madras High Court invalidated a Tamil Nadu Government order sanctioning ₹40 crore for civil works at the Shri Kallazhagar Temple in Madurai under the "Iconic Project." Justices Anita Sumanth and C. Kumarappan ruled that the State illegally appropriated and diverted the funds because it failed to consult and obtain approval from the temple's Trustees, emphasizing that decision-making authority over temple funds rests with the Trustees under the Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Act.
Madras High Court Sets Aside Single Bench Direction To Certify ‘Jana Nayagan’ Movie; Directs Fresh Hearing
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Verdict: The Madras High Court's Division Bench overturned a single judge's order directing the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) to grant a U/A certificate to the film Jana Nayagan. The case was remanded for fresh consideration because the CBFC was not given a sufficient opportunity to present its side, violating natural justice. The court also noted the single judge improperly assessed the case's merits, as the producers' petition did not challenge the CBFC Chairperson's decision to refer the film to the Revising Committee, though the producers were given the option to amend their petition to include this specific challenge.
J. Jharkhand High Court
Jharkhand High Court Dismisses Plea Seeking To Reserve Mayor’s Post Of The Corporation For Scheduled Caste In The Forthcoming Elections
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Verdict: The Jharkhand High Court declined to interfere with the reservation notifications for the upcoming urban local body polls, stressing the importance of timely elections. Specifically, the court upheld the decision to keep the mayor's post for the Dhanbad Municipal Corporation in the unreserved category. This ruling dismissed a petition seeking to reserve the post for the Scheduled Caste (SC) category. The dispute relates to the Jharkhand Municipal (Amendment) Act, 2022, which changed the system for reserving mayor and chairperson posts from a rotation-based method to one based on population.
State Cannot Deny Regularisation Of Long-Serving Contract Staff Appointed On Sanctioned Post By Due Process : Supreme Court
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Verdict: The Supreme Court overturned a Jharkhand High Court ruling and ordered the State of Jharkhand to immediately regularize the services of contract workers, specifically Junior Engineers (Agriculture). The Court criticized the State for exploiting employees' labor for a decade and held that a "model employer" cannot deny regularization solely because workers were appointed contractually, especially after repeated yearly extensions for over ten years with satisfactory performance. The judgment, based on the doctrine of legitimate expectation, entitles the appellants to regularization and consequential service benefits from the date of the judgment.
Supreme Court's 'Bulldozer Justice' Verdict Not A Shield For Illegal Constructions: Jharkhand HC Refuses To Stay Demolition In Jamshedpur
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Verdict: The Jharkhand High Court upheld its earlier demolition order against illegal constructions in Jamshedpur, rejecting the argument that the Supreme Court's ‘bulldozer justice’ guidelines applied to structures built in patent violation of law and town-planning norms. The Court observed that the authorities had conceded the illegality of the constructions and that no completion certificates were presented. Stating that regularisation is a limited exception, not an enforceable right, the High Court dismissed claims asserting protection under free speech or procedural rights.
K. Chhattisgarh High Court
Right Of Land Losers To Rehabilitation & Employment Flows From Article 21; Arbitrary Denial Violates Articles 14, 15, 21: Chhattisgarh High Court
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Verdict: The Chhattisgarh High Court ruled that denying land losers rehabilitation and employment assured during land acquisition violates fundamental rights. The Court held that a land loser's entitlement is governed by the State rehabilitation policy in effect on the date of acquisition and cannot be negated by subsequent internal guideline changes (like those from Coal India or its subsidiaries). Specifically, the Court rejected South Eastern Coalfields Limited's (SECL) denial based on minimum landholding requirements, finding it arbitrary, quashed the rejection orders, and directed SECL to reconsider the claims under the applicable State Policy.
I. Other Tribunal & District Court Orders:
Sessions Court Grants Bail To MLA Rahul Mamkootathil In Third Rape Case
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Verdict: The Sessions Court in Pathanamthitta, Kerala, granted bail to Palakkad MLA Rahul Mamkootathil in a third rape case. Principal District and Sessions Judge N. Harikumar’s decision overturned an earlier magistrate court refusal. Mamkootathil was arrested on January 11, 2026, for a 2024 sexual assault complaint, but maintains his innocence, claiming the relationship was consensual and the case is an attempt to harm his reputation.
Delhi Court Orders Takedown Of Video Accusing Chattarpur Guruji Of Fraud, Sexual Assault
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Verdict: A Delhi district court granted an ex-parte interim injunction directing YouTube to take down a video that levelled allegations of fraud and sexual assault against late Nirmal Singh Maharaj (Chattarpur Guruji). Finding the content prima facie defamatory, the Court ordered removal of the video within two days and restrained the creators and others from publishing or circulating similar material. It also directed amendment of the cause title to reflect that a public charitable trust must sue through its trustee.
Delhi court denies bail to Tahir Hussain, Salim Malik and Athar Khan in Delhi riots conspiracy case
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Verdict: A Delhi court, presided over by Additional Sessions Judge Sameer Bajpai, rejected the bail applications of former AAP councillor Tahir Hussain, Salim Malik, and Athar Khan in the 2020 Delhi riots conspiracy case. The court cited that a prima facie case has already been established against the accused, and emphasized that previous rejections of bail on merit remain valid, even though the Supreme Court recently granted bail to some co-accused. The three face serious charges under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA), including conspiracy and terror-related activities.
Delhi LG VK Saxena acquitted in criminal defamation case by Medha Patkar
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Verdict: A Delhi court acquitted Delhi Lieutenant Governor VK Saxena in a two-decade-old defamation case filed by activist Medha Patkar of the Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA). Patkar filed the suit regarding an advertisement published by the National Council for Civil Liberties (NCCL), of which Saxena was president, that criticized her and the NBA's opposition to the Sardar Sarovar Dam. Separately, Saxena had also filed a criminal defamation suit against Patkar, in which she was convicted (though the fine was set aside by the Supreme Court). The text also notes that Patkar was acquitted in another defamation case filed by Saxena on January 24, 2026.
POK An Integral Part Of India; Foreigners Act Can’t Be Invoked Without Proof: J&K Court
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Verdict: A judicial magistrate in J&K acquitted Mohammad Maqbool Rather of charges under the Foreigners Act, ruling that the act requires clear proof of foreign nationality or illegal entry, which the prosecution failed to provide. The court dismissed the case, which was based largely on hearsay, because there was no documentary or credible evidence (like travel or border records) to support the allegation that Rather had illegally crossed into Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (POK, which the court stated is an integral part of India), received arms training, married, and returned without valid documents. The court emphasized that suspicion cannot replace proof, noting that key witnesses were not examined.
Salman Khan Gets Relief From Mumbai Court In Defamation Case Against Abhinav Kashyap
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Verdict: The Mumbai City Civil Court, presided over by Justice P.G. Bhosale, granted interim relief to actor Salman Khan, restraining filmmaker Abhinav Kashyap and the YouTube channel Bollywood Thikana from circulating defamatory statements against him and his family. The court rejected the defence of free speech, ruling that the remarks were defamatory and damaging to reputation, emphasizing that freedom of expression does not permit such attacks. The court directed that no such content should be uploaded or shared on social media.
Weeks After Delhi High Court’s Rap, Lawrence Bishnoi Rival Parvesh Mann Sentenced To 7-Year Jail By Sessions Court
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Verdict: Gangster Parvesh Mann, also known as Sagar Mann, has been sentenced to seven years in jail by the Karkardooma sessions court. The judgment, which followed a rebuke from the Delhi High Court for the delay, relates to a 2019 case under the Maharashtra Control of Organised Crime Act (MCOCA). Mann was convicted under sections 3 and 4 of MCOCA for his involvement in organised crime. He was arrested by the Delhi Police Special Cell in 2020, and the trial took nearly five years while he was in Mandoli jail.
IV. Appointments, Collegium Recommendations, And Transfers Section
Taken as a whole, the week’s orders and observations show courts simultaneously enforcing procedural discipline, demanding better justification for executive choices, and refining the scope of fundamental and statutory rights in concrete settings from border fencing and rehabilitation of land losers to the use of Aadhaar in electoral processes and the regulation of new technologies. As many of the matters highlighted here move from interim stages to final adjudication, the further updates will be brought you in the future editions of India Judiciary Watch.