Welcome to the latest edition of India Judiciary Watch! Between 9 and 14 February 2026, the Supreme Court and various High Courts across India delivered a cluster of orders, interim directions, and final judgements on questions ranging from electoral roll revisions and reservation policy to temple administration, missing persons, environmental regulation, and consumer protection. This edition of Indian Judiciary Watch brings together those developments, including key Supreme Court proceedings on the Special Intensive Revision in West Bengal, the creamy-layer debate within SC/ST reservations, preventive detention under the National Security Act, and the scope of the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, alongside significant High Court rulings on mosque protection, caste status, Devaswom finances, and urban governance.
I. Key Legal Developments:
SIR Row: SC Issues Key Directions to Bengal and EC
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Development: The Supreme Court addressed issues regarding the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of West Bengal's electoral rolls, making several key rulings and observations. The Court dismissed an objection to West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee's personal appearance, citing her "trust and faith in the Constitution." Directives were issued to extend the deadline for scrutiny of documents and objections, and the State was ordered to replace micro-observers with 8,550 Group B officers. The Court also expressed reservations about the Election Commission's software, which allegedly caused faulty notices over minor name mismatches, particularly the omission of middle names like 'Kumar.' Finally, the Court addressed complaints of threats and violence against SIR officials, including the alleged mass-burning of objections, and directed the West Bengal Director General of Police to file a personal affidavit in response.
The Apex Court Seeks Government’s Stance On Quota Benefits For “Creamy Layer” From SC/ST categories
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Development: The Supreme Court has directed the Central Government to state its official position on excluding the "creamy layer" (well-off members) within Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) from reservation benefits in government jobs and education. This procedural step follows the 2024 seven-judge Constitution Bench ruling in State of Punjab & Ors. v. Devender Singh & Ors, which mandated the State to develop a policy for this creamy-layer exclusion, potentially using different criteria than those applied to Other Backward Classes (OBCs). The current Bench is simply seeking the government's response to proceed with implementing the 2024 verdict.
Kuldeep Sengar’s Appeal In Unnao Victim’s Father’s Death Case Be Heard Out Of Turn: Supreme Court To Delhi High Court
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Development: The Supreme Court has directed the Delhi High Court to decide, within three months, the appeal of former Uttar Pradesh MLA Kuldeep Singh Sengar challenging his conviction and 10-year sentence in the case of the Unnao rape victim's father's custodial death. The directive was issued during the hearing of Sengar's petition against the High Court's refusal to suspend his sentence, noting that he has already served over seven years. The Apex Court also mandated that appeals filed by the victim (seeking a harsher sentence) and the co-accused must be heard simultaneously with Sengar's appeal, and it further expressed disapproval of the victim's counsel making media statements about the case.
‘You Are Reading Too Much Into Sonam Wangchuk’s Speeches’: Supreme Court To Centre, Questions Nexus With Ladakh Violence
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Development: The Supreme Court recently held three hearings on a habeas corpus petition challenging the preventive detention of Ladakh activist Sonam Wangchuk under the National Security Act (NSA) since September 26, 2025. The Court repeatedly questioned the lack of a clear link between Wangchuk's speeches and the September 2025 Ladakh violence, criticizing the detaining authority for "reading too much" into his speeches and using "mechanical, copy-paste reasoning." The Bench also probed procedural compliance, specifically regarding access to cited in-custody videos and legal representation. While the Solicitor General confirmed Wangchuk's well-being, the Assistant Solicitor General defended the detention on a security rationale, noting that violence ceased immediately after the arrest.
Pappu Yadav Granted Bail In 1995 Forgery Case
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Development: Independent MP Rajesh Ranjan alias Pappu Yadav, who had been arrested on February 7th for repeated non-appearance in a decades-old case, was granted bail by a Patna MP/MLA court on a 1995 forgery charge. This charge stemmed from allegations that he had forged documents related to a rented property which he later used as an MP office. He was produced before the court on February 10th, following a prior disruption due to a bomb threat. Despite securing bail in the forgery case, Yadav will remain in judicial custody. This is due to a separate 2026 case registered at the Buddha Colony police station, in which he is accused of obstructing police during his arrest, and which is scheduled for a future hearing.
Multiple Pleas In Delhi High Court Concerning Disappearance Of 807 People From National Capital In 15 Days
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Development: The Delhi High Court addressed a PIL concerning 807 disappearances in the first half of January 2026, noting the Delhi Police's existing obligation to act, following a controversial "paid promotion" remark by the police. Separately, the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) requested a report from the Delhi Government and Police on the matter. The Supreme Court has also intervened, asking the Union Government to investigate a potential nationwide network linked to the increase in missing children, expressing grave concern about trafficking and exploitation. Finally, the Allahabad High Court heavily criticized the Uttar Pradesh police for "insufficient and mechanical efforts" in tracing missing persons, particularly minors, citing poor follow-up on FIRs and a lack of sensitivity, and mandated a corrective action plan.
Supreme Court Refuses To Direct Disclosure Of Opposition Leader’s Dissent Regarding CIC Appointments
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Development: The Supreme Court refused to mandate the publication of the dissent note from the Leader of Opposition, Rahul Gandhi, concerning the selection of the Chief Information Commissioner and Information Commissioners. A bench led by CJI Surya Kant asserted that any challenge to the legality of a specific appointment must be made through separate legal action, rejecting the argument for a "right to know the reasons for dissent." However, the Court ordered the Union to provide a status report on the total applicants and shortlisted candidates for the recent appointments and gave States two months to fill vacancies in State Information Commissions, suggesting they consider increasing sanctioned strength where case backlogs are high.
Kerala High Court Orders Vigilance Enquiry Into Alleged Gold Misappropriation During 2017 Flag Mast Installation At Sabarimala
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Development: The Kerala High Court has ordered an independent vigilance enquiry by the Director of the Vigilance and Anti-Corruption Bureau into the alleged misappropriation of gold and cash related to the 2017 flag mast installation at the Sabarimala temple. The court mandated the detailed probe due to serious procedural flaws, including record discrepancies where the available gold exceeded the reported utilized amount, and a significant lack of donor-wise accounting. The court deemed the Devaswom Vigilance inadequate and the existing Special Investigation Team over-occupied. The vigilance team is directed to examine records, record donor statements, and submit a comprehensive report within 30 days.
RERA Only Facilitating Builders In Default: Supreme Court
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Development: The Supreme Court, comprised of Chief Justice Surya Kant and Justice Joymalya Bagchi, overturned the Himachal Pradesh High Court’s stay, allowing the State RERA office and its appellate tribunal to be moved from Shimla to Dharamshala to prevent inconvenience for litigants. Separately, the Court critically observed that Real Estate Regulatory Authorities (RERA) across the country are often failing consumers by facilitating defaulting builders. The Supreme Court urged States to re-evaluate RERA’s structure and purpose, questioning the appointment of retired bureaucrats to lead these bodies, and suggested that RERA should potentially be abolished if it fails to effectively protect consumers.
Kerala High Court Directs Vigilance Probe Into Suspicious Fund Transfers By Sabarimala Staff During Mandala Season
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Development: The Kerala High Court has ordered the Chief Vigilance and Security Officer of the Travancore Devaswom Board (TDB) to conduct a thorough investigation into suspicious fund transfers made by staff deployed at Sabarimala during the 2025–26 Mandala-Makaravilakku season. This suo motu order was based on a report indicating approximately ₹14 lakh in suspicious deposits made through nearby post offices, with several employees who made the high-value remittances failing to appear for an enquiry. The Court mandated the collection of transactional data from local banks and post offices and a database of all staff on duty during the relevant period.
Kerala High Court Asks Travancore Devaswom Board To Explain Irregularities Found In Audited Accounts Of Global Ayyappa Sangamam
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Development: The Kerala High Court has directed the Travancore Devaswom Board (TDB) to address significant financial discrepancies concerning the Global Ayyappa Sangamam event held at Sabarimala in September 2025. The directive, issued during the consideration of a suo motu petition based on the Special Commissioner's audit report, emphasizes the TDB's responsibility for financial transparency and proper accounting. The audit flagged several irregularities, including work executed without a tender, insufficient documentation for asset purchases, failure to account for distributed temple stock, and unresolved GST input credit treatment.
Supreme Court Reserves Judgment On Karnataka’s Appeal Against 2006 HC Verdict Striking Down Law To Regulate Hindu Religious Institutions
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Development: The Supreme Court has reserved its decision on the State of Karnataka's appeal against the invalidation of the Karnataka Hindu Religious Institutions and Charitable Endowments Act, 1997. The High Court previously struck down the Act, finding that it constituted "hostile discrimination" and violated constitutional provisions, specifically Articles 14 and 26. The main points of challenge against the law include the exclusion of mutts and denominational temples, a restrictive definition of "Hindu," objections to the mandatory five percent "Common Pool Fund" contribution as an unauthorized tax, and provisions allowing excessive state control. The State of Karnataka, however, has maintained that the Act is a necessary and respectful regulatory measure.
Will Challenge Arvind Kejriwal’s Acquittal In Cases Over Skipping Summons: ED Tells Delhi High Court
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Development: The Enforcement Directorate (ED) plans to appeal a trial court's decision acquitting former Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal in complaints related to his non-appearance after receiving multiple summonses in the liquor policy money laundering case. Following the January 22nd acquittal, Kejriwal's counsel withdrew a pending Delhi High Court petition that had challenged the original summonses, a move permitted by the High Court, which then dismissed the petition.
Plea In Supreme Court Seeks Guidelines To Curb ‘Constitutionally Unbecoming’ Speeches By Ministers, Constitutional Functionaries
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Development: The Supreme Court is scheduled to hear two related pleas. First, a plea by Left leaders seeks action against Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma over a video allegedly showing him firing a rifle at members of a specific community. Second, a separate group of citizens, political parties (including CPI(M) and CPI), and academics has filed a petition under Article 32, asking the Supreme Court to establish guidelines for regulating "constitutionally unbecoming" speeches by ministers and high office holders. This petition specifically cites recent remarks by the Assam Chief Minister and other officials, arguing these exclusionary statements, even if not legally defined as hate speech, undermine constitutional morality, equality, fraternity, and secularism.
Bombay HC seeks specific details of hate speech, threats by MNS and Raj Thackeray against Hindi speakers
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Development: The Bombay High Court has adjourned a petition filed by Sunil Shukla, National President of the Uttar Bhartiya Vikas Sena, in which he sought the registration of criminal cases and protection. Shukla's plea alleged hate speech and threats by Maharashtra Navnirman Sena (MNS) chief Raj Thackeray and party workers, specifically citing an attack on his party office in 2024–25, online death threats, and alleged assaults on Hindi-speaking staff following Gudi Padwa speeches. To consider Shukla's requests for FIRs, police protection, and possible action against the MNS, the Court requested more specific details regarding the incidents mentioned in the plea.
Supreme Court Asks Tamil Nadu Govt To Give Details Of FIRs In Illegal Sand Mining Cases
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Development: The Supreme Court has directed the Tamil Nadu Government to submit comprehensive details of all First Information Reports (FIRs) related to alleged illegal sand mining and mineral theft, estimated to be worth approximately ₹ 4,730 crore. The Court specifically mandated the inclusion of cases that were previously closed. The legal challenge seeks a CBI investigation, arguing that the Enforcement Directorate's probe is stalled because the state denies the existence of a 'predicate offense' under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA). Despite the state's claims of strict monitoring, the Court expressed grave concern, labeling the situation a "well-calculated and well-planned theft," and emphasized the state's duty to uncover the truth regarding the alleged loss of public resources.
Kerala High Court Grants Anticipatory Bail To MLA Rahul Mamkootathil In Rape & Miscarriage Case, Orders Him To Surrender His Phone
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Development: The Kerala High Court has granted anticipatory bail to Palakkad MLA Rahul Mamkootathil in a serious case involving allegations of rape, forced miscarriage, criminal intimidation, and privacy violation. The bail is conditional, requiring the MLA to: surrender for three days of custodial interrogation, including medical examination; surrender his mobile phone and passport; and remain in Kerala, prohibited from contacting the complainant or witnesses.
‘Post Doesn’t Mention PM Modi, Police Attributing Meanings To It & Criminalising Political Speech’: Sangram Patil Tells Bombay High Court
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Development: UK-based YouTuber Dr. Sangram Patil has filed a rejoinder with the Bombay High Court to quash an FIR against him for allegedly obscene and defamatory social media posts. Patil argues that his posts did not name Prime Minister Narendra Modi, and the police are wrongly criminalizing political speech by assigning subjective meanings. He contends the FIR is legally insufficient as it fails to reproduce the alleged offending content or satisfy the statutory requirements for the invoked offenses. Patil also denies allegations of obscenity, conspiracy, threats to sovereignty, or promoting enmity, and objects to the Look Out Circular issued against him as illegal.
“Only To Sensationalise”: DU To Delhi HC On Plea Seeking PM Modi’s Degree Details
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Development: The Delhi High Court recently addressed appeals seeking the disclosure of the Prime Minister's degree details. Delhi University, represented by the Solicitor General, argued that the matter lacked merit and was being pursued solely for "sensationalisation." Although the Court had previously noted a delay in filing the appeals, it has now granted the University an extension of three weeks to submit its objections concerning both the limitation period and the merits of the case. The next hearing is scheduled for April 27th.
Karnataka High Court Refuses Anticipatory Bail To MLA Byrathi Basavaraj In Realtor-Cum-Rowdy-Sheeter Murder In Bengaluru
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Development: The Karnataka High Court has denied anticipatory bail to BJP MLA Byrathi Basavaraj in connection with the July 2025 murder of realtor Shivaprakash alias Bikla Shiva, effectively canceling his interim protection and allowing the CID to arrest him. Basavaraj is accused no. 5, facing charges of conspiracy and murder, with the investigation against him still ongoing. Although the CID had previously invoked the Karnataka Control of Organised Crimes Act (KCOCA) against the accused, the High Court later quashed the KCOCA invocation.
“Soon Even BMC Commissioner Will Have To Ride Horse To Work”: Bombay High Court Slams Civic Body Over Illegal Encroachments
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Development: The Bombay High Court sharply criticized the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) for failing to remove widespread illegal hutment encroachments on a crucial public road in Powai. Hearing a plea from a local school, the Court noted that the nearly 90-foot-wide road, which connects schools to the Jogeshwari-Vikhroli Link Road, had been severely reduced to a single lane, obstructing pedestrians and school children. The petition accused the BMC of actively facilitating the encroachments, which allegedly included providing water and toilet facilities. The judges warned that the BMC's persistent inaction could soon force citizens to resort to using bicycles and horses for commuting.
“Clean Nagpur, Beautiful Nagpur” Only A Slogan, Reality Different: Bombay High Court Takes Cognisance Of Littered Streets Of Nagpur
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Development: The Bombay High Court initiated a suo motu public interest litigation (SMPIL) based on newspaper coverage detailing pervasive open garbage on Nagpur's streets. The Court observed that the widely touted "Clean Nagpur, Beautiful Nagpur" slogan remains ineffective, given the city's significant hygiene crisis. Despite the Nagpur Municipal Corporation (NMC) having an annual budget of ₹100 crore (₹8 crore monthly) for waste collection, the issue persists. Consequently, the Court directed the news reports be formally registered as an SMPIL and appointed an amicus curiae to draft a proper Public Interest Litigation petition as per the 2010 Rules.
Manipur Violence: Supreme Court Seeks CBI's Status Report; Moots Transfer Of Monitoring To HCs
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Development: The Supreme Court has proposed that the Chief Justices of the Gauhati and Manipur High Courts oversee the monitoring of trials related to the 2023 Manipur violence cases, replacing a remote monitoring committee. The Court instructed the CBI to provide a status report on the progress of these matters, mandated free legal aid for victims (including lawyers from the Guwahati Bar if needed), and scheduled the case for a future hearing.
Karnataka High Court Cancels Bail Of 7 Booked For Radicalizing Youth In Ballari ISIS Module Case
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Development: The Karnataka High Court has canceled the bail for seven people in the Ballari ISIS module case who face charges under the UAPA and IPC for allegedly planning terrorist attacks and recruiting for the goal of establishing Sharia rule. The High Court reversed the Special Court's bail decision, which was based on the failure to provide written reasons for arrest. The higher court ruled that this objection was raised too late (a year after the 2023 arrests) and that the accused suffered no "demonstrable prejudice" since they were informed of the grounds of arrest orally and had legal counsel.
Supreme Court Adjourns Hearing In Case Against T.N. CM Stalin’s 2011 Poll Win
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Development: The Supreme Court has postponed the appeal hearing filed by Saidai Duraisamy against Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M.K. Stalin, citing a "lack of clarity and structure" in the material particulars. The case alleges that Stalin's DMK party engaged in corrupt practices, such as using courier services and cash in newspapers, to influence voters in the 2011 Assembly election. The Court emphasized that corrupt practices must be proven "beyond reasonable doubt," as required by the Representation of the People Act. This appeal follows the Madras High Court's 2017 dismissal of the claims due to a lack of conclusive evidence.
Karnataka High Court Refuses To Quash FIR Against Congress Leader For Giving 'Malicious Speech' Against Hindus Over 2022 Hijab Row
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Development: The Karnataka High Court refused to dismiss the FIR against Congress leader Mukram Khan for an alleged "malicious speech" during the 2022 Hijab row, finding prima facie evidence that his words deliberately hurt Hindu religious sentiments, referencing a reported threat to "cut them into pieces." However, the Court quashed the case against his son, Dr. Soyab Khan, concluding that the charge of harboring his father lacked supporting evidence and was an abuse of the judicial process. Consequently, the father's case will continue, but the son's has been dropped.
Allahabad High Court Stays CJM Order For FIR against Cops; Grants Complainant 2 Weeks To File Counter in Sambhal Violence Case
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Development: The Allahabad High Court, through Justice Samit Gopal, has halted a Chief Judicial Magistrate’s directive for the registration of an FIR against an Additional Superintendent of Police and other officials involved in the November 2024 Sambhal violence. The court heard a petition and granted the original complainant two weeks to file a counter affidavit, reserving judgment on the question of maintainability. The State contended that the Magistrate had disregarded safeguards under the BNSS by issuing the order without offering the officers an opportunity to respond. Conversely, the complainant alleged that the State was improperly protecting its officials.
‘Will Not Allow Anyone To Touch Aravalli: Supreme Court Refuses Nod For Haryana’s Zoo Safari Plan
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Development: The Supreme Court has halted the proposed Aravalli zoo safari project in Haryana and forbidden any further activity concerning the Aravallis until a comprehensive, scientific assessment of the range is completed. The Court denied Haryana's request to submit a revised project report and ruled that no project can proceed until an independent expert body defines and resolves the broader issue of Aravalli hill protection. The court's previous order keeping the government's definition of the Aravalli hills in abeyance remains in force.
Supreme Court Stays Election Petition In Orissa High Court Against Deputy CM KV Singh Deo
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Development: The Supreme Court has temporarily suspended the election petition in the Orissa High Court that challenges the 2024 election of Odisha Deputy Chief Minister Kanak Vardhan Singh Deo for the Patnagarh Assembly constituency. The petition alleges that Singh Deo suppressed mandatory criminal and asset-related information in his affidavit. The Supreme Court has issued notice on Singh Deo's appeal and will determine if the alleged defects impact the maintainability of the election petition.
Supreme Court Stays Delhi HC Ruling Which Said ED Can Attach Property From Cricket Betting Money As Proceeds Of Crime
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Development: The Supreme Court has temporarily halted a Delhi High Court judgment that upheld the Enforcement Directorate's (ED) provisional attachment of properties linked to an alleged online cricket betting and hawala network. The funds were classified as "proceeds of crime" under the PMLA. The Supreme Court will examine the petitioners' main argument: that the PMLA only applies to scheduled offenses, and online betting is not currently on that list. The petitioners also argued the High Court incorrectly linked the betting proceeds to a scheduled offense (SIM card forgery) and erred by deciding issues that should have been left to statutory authorities.
‘Indian State’ Remark: Plea In Allahabad HC Challenges Sambhal Court Order Refusing FIR Against LoP Rahul Gandhi
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Development: A challenge has been lodged before the Allahabad High Court, specifically under Article 227, contesting a Sambhal court's refusal to mandate the registration of an FIR against the Leader of the Opposition, Rahul Gandhi. The controversy stems from Gandhi's alleged comment that the Congress party was battling the BJP, the RSS, and the "Indian State." The petitioner, who claimed the remark had wounded public sentiments, had previously been unsuccessful in the Sambhal court and on revision. During the hearing before Justice Samit Gopal, the State government noted that the petition lacked a clear articulation of the grounds upon which the original court order was being challenged.
PIL In Supreme Court Challenges New Income Tax Law Allowing Search Of Digital Devices
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Development: A PIL has been filed in the Supreme Court challenging the legality of Section 247 of the Income Tax Act, 2025, which authorizes tax authorities to search "virtual digital space" (including personal devices and cloud data). The petitioner argues the section violates the right to privacy by establishing an overly intrusive search framework. However, the Court observed that this power is not absolute, citing precedent for a "limited judicial review" of search authorizations if the reasons for the search lack a rational basis.
Fled Country By Fraud: P&H HC Denies Relief To AAP MLA Harmeet Singh Pathanmajra In Rape Case
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Development: The Punjab and Haryana High Court has upheld the arrest warrants and proclaimed offender status for AAP MLA Harmeet Singh Pathanmajra (Sanour), who was booked in September 2025 for rape and cheating, specifically for allegedly exploiting a woman on the pretext of marriage. The Court's decision was based on the MLA's open defiance of the legal process, including an alleged attack on police to escape custody and subsequent flight to Australia despite a Look Out Circular. Pathanmajra's counsel argued for quashing the warrants, citing a 2024 police clean chit and political vendetta. However, the Court found the arrest warrants justified to secure his presence, and the proclamation legally compliant after the mandatory 30-day notice period.
SIM-binding for WhatsApp can curb digital arrest scams: Centre tells Supreme Court
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Development: The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) has informed the Supreme Court of measures being taken to combat digital arrest scams, which have amassed a total of ₹ 10 crore. Key interventions include enforcing SIM-binding for communication platforms like WhatsApp and deploying systems at international gateways to block fraudulent calls displaying Indian numbers. The Centre has also established an inter-departmental committee to address the issue, and banks are assisting by using AI to detect fraudulent transactions.
Supreme Court Seeks Responses From 17 States Over Delay In NIA Trials
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Development: The Supreme Court, led by CJI Surya Kant, has taken action regarding delays in NIA trials due to the lack of dedicated special courts. The Court sought responses from the Chief Secretaries of 17 States and Union Territories with more than ten pending NIA trials, issuing notices and directing the presence of respective Advocate Generals at the next hearing. The Union Government updated the bench on progress, noting that it has framed norms to reimburse up to ₹1 crore per State for establishing special NIA courts and highlighting the recent designation of such courts in Bihar, and earlier notifications in Jharkhand, Jammu, and Mumbai.
Supreme Court Seeks Union & NMC Responses On Plea To Exclude Doctors From Consumer Protection Act
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Development: The Supreme Court has asked the Union Government and the National Medical Commission for a response to a petition filed by the Association of Healthcare Providers (India). The petition seeks to exclude doctors and healthcare professionals from the Consumer Protection Act, 2019. The petitioners argue that medical practice, based on professional judgment rather than guaranteed results, should not be considered a "consumer service." They also point to the existing regulation by the NMC and a prior Supreme Court ruling that excluded advocates from consumer law, asserting that consumer forums should similarly be barred from hearing complaints against medical professionals.
Not Every Emotional Outburst Is Threat To Economic Security: Supreme Court Pulls Up NIA Over Probe Into Beldanga Violence
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Development: The Supreme Court criticized the National Investigation Agency (NIA) for prematurely invoking the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) in the Beldanga violence case, which involved communal clashes, arson, and one death, following a political murder. The Court noted the NIA's failure to review State records and stressed that not every "emotional outburst" is a terror threat. It also highlighted the NIA's delay in acting on the violence. Instead of ruling on the UAPA application, the Supreme Court sent the matter back to the Calcutta High Court.
Supreme Court Censures Allahabad HC Again For Bail In Dowry Death Case Sans Reasoning, Judge Seeks Roster Exit
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Development: The Supreme Court strongly criticized and set aside a "shocking and disappointing" Allahabad High Court order, delivered by Justice Pankaj Bhatia, that granted bail to a man accused in an alleged dowry death case involving his wife's strangulation. The apex court noted the High Court's failure to consider the gravity of the offence, the post-mortem findings of death by strangulation, the spousal relationship, and the statutory presumption of dowry death, relying only on the accused's custody period and lack of prior criminal history. Following the severe rebuke, Justice Bhatia recused himself from an unrelated hearing and requested a change in his judicial roster.
Let Routine Policing Work Not Suffer Because Of Impending Elections In Tamil Nadu, Cautions Madras High Court
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Development: The Madras High Court, through Justice N. Anand Venkatesh, cautioned against the neglect of routine policing and public safety issues, like reckless driving by youngsters, due to the upcoming Assembly elections. The Court emphasized that elections do not justify administrative inaction and expressed concern over the police's failure to act on a reform-oriented study of young traffic offenders conducted by SCARF and SAMVAD. The police were directed to file a status report by February 25th detailing the action taken pursuant to the study.
High Court Seeks Punjab Govt's Response On NSA Detainee MP Amritpal Singh's Plea To Attend Ongoing Parliament Budget Session
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Development: The Punjab and Haryana High Court has sought a response from the Punjab Government regarding a petition filed by Khadoor Sahib MP Amritpal Singh. Singh, who is detained under the National Security Act (NSA) in Dibrugarh Jail, is requesting temporary release to attend the Budget Session of Parliament. He is challenging the State's earlier refusal, which cited a "threat to public order and security," as "vague and unreasonable." The High Court noted that the "appropriate Government" has the authority to grant temporary release under the NSA and has given the State ten days to submit its reply.
‘Not A Political Speech, But Instigation Against Community’: Karnataka Govt Opposes RSS Leader’s Quash Plea In High Court
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Development: The Karnataka Government is opposing a petition by RSS leader Prabhakar Bhat to quash an FIR filed against him for alleged hate speech delivered at a college and circulated online. The State argues the speech was an act of instigation against a specific community, not protected "harsh political posts." A preliminary inquiry established a prima facie case before the FIR was lodged, and proper legal procedure, including a notice under Section 35(3) of the BNSS, was followed. Bhat faces multiple charges under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) for promoting enmity and outraging religious feelings.
Will Not Hear Plea Against Fugitive Tag If Vijay Mallya Does Not Return To India, Warns Bombay HC
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Development: The Bombay High Court has mandated that Vijay Mallya must submit an affidavit confirming his willingness to return to India before it will hear his challenges to his classification as a fugitive economic offender and the constitutionality of the Fugitive Economic Offenders Act. The Court stated that he cannot seek legal relief while evading its authority, granting a final opportunity to comply before potentially treating his continued absence as an avoidance of proceedings. The next hearing is scheduled for 18th February.
Sterlite Moves Madras High Court After TNPCB Rejects Green Copper Plan
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Development: The Madras High Court has asked the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB) and other authorities for a response to a writ petition filed by Vedanta. Vedanta is challenging the rejection of its proposal to establish a new Green Copper plant at its closed Sterlite unit in Thoothukudi. The company argues that the rejection of its "Consent to Operate" application was done "mechanically" without a scientific assessment, emphasizing that the new project is a different, hybrid model incorporating recycled copper, advanced emission controls, and enhanced efficiency, which aligns with national copper production goals.
Ensure Representation Of Marginalised Groups In Govt Advocates' Appointments : Supreme Court Requests MP Advocate General
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Development: The Supreme Court dismissed a petition seeking reserved positions for OBC advocates in the appointment of Government pleaders in Madhya Pradesh, stating it lacked the statutory authority to mandate reservation norms for the Advocate General’s appointments. While recognizing these appointments are discretionary and not subject to statutory reservation, the Court strongly urged the Advocate General to ensure representation for women and lawyers from marginalized communities due to the significance of these positions for legal career prospects.
‘Very Serious Matter’: Kerala High Court Seeks State’s Stand On Paid Menstrual Leave For KSRTC Conductors
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Development: The Kerala High Court has directed the State Government to consider and respond to the possibility of implementing a paid menstrual leave policy for women conductors of the Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC). This instruction was issued during a hearing on a plea concerning the challenging working conditions, including long 14–16-hour workdays. As KSRTC stated that such a policy requires a government decision under the Kerala Service Rules, the Court instructed the Government pleader to seek instructions, including by examining similar policies in other states.
SC Asks Lawyers To Act Responsibly In Ex-Post Facto Environmental Clearance Row
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Development: The Supreme Court is preparing to hear challenges against its November 2025 judgment, which upheld the grant of ex-post facto environmental clearances. The three-judge bench urged petitioners to consider the national consequences and will first prioritize applications from project developers and States seeking to benefit from the November ruling, which allows for environmental clearance even after a project has started. The court clarified that while petitioners argued the review judgment decided the merits, allowing a review effectively invalidates the earlier judgment.
HC Says Footpaths Faded From Public Consciousness, Orders City-Wide Crackdown
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Development: The Telangana High Court has ordered the Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) to conduct a city-wide crackdown on illegal footpath encroachments, following the dismissal of a plea to halt a demolition. The court mandated the GHMC to identify, remove, and prevent new encroachments, restoring footpaths to their usable state. The ruling stressed that paying commercial taxes does not legalize illegal structures and ordered an inquiry into officials who failed to enforce previous court directives. The GHMC must submit a compliance report within three months.
Patna High Court Seeks Details On Enforcement Of Anti-Pollution Guidelines In Patna City
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Development: The Patna High Court has initiated a suo motu Public Interest Litigation (PIL) regarding the "seriously poor" air quality in the city, with the current AQI at 209. The Court directed the Bihar Government and the State Pollution Control Board to submit a detailed, updated action taken report, specifying the officers and agencies responsible for enforcing anti-pollution norms, particularly the restriction on diesel vehicles older than 15 years, noting that these measures were not being effectively implemented.
Supreme Court Raps Rajasthan Authorities Over Illegal Sand Mining; Says Official Inaction Pushed Villagers To Violence
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Development: The Supreme Court granted bail to a man sentenced to ten years for mob vandalisation, noting that the violence was provoked by sustained inaction from authorities regarding the villagers' repeated complaints about illegal sand mining and stone crushing by the complainant. Expressing anguish over the lack of meaningful steps taken on the grievances, the Court directed the State to disclose the names and designations of officers posted at the time and also asked the petitioner to file an affidavit with details about the illegal mining. The Court also considered that the petitioner had already served about one and a half years in custody and that a co-accused had previously received bail.
Acknowledge Dagar Brothers’ Performance In ‘Veera Raja Veera’ Song: Supreme Court Urges AR Rahman
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Development: The Supreme Court has asked the producers of Ponniyin Selvan 2 and composer AR Rahman to formally acknowledge the Dagar Brothers for their role as the original performers of the Shiva Stuti used in the song "Veera Raja Veera," which is rooted in the Dagarvani tradition. The Court, hearing a challenge to a vacated injunction, emphasized the importance of respecting classical music heritage and providing credit to devotees of shastriya sangeet. The Chief Justice of India highlighted the crucial role of gharanas in preserving musical tradition, and the parties are seeking a resolution to appropriately honor the source material.
Delhi High Court Questions Delay In Minority Panel Appointments
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Development: The Delhi High Court criticized the prolonged delay by the Centre in filling the vacancies for the chairperson and members of the National Commission for Minority Educational Institutions (NCMEI), which have been unfilled since September 2023. The Court rejected the Centre's argument against judicial intervention, calling it "highly misconceived," and noted that the commission, vital for safeguarding the rights of minority institutions, is operating with only one member. The Court directed the Ministry of Education to file an affidavit detailing the steps taken to fill these critical posts.
Supreme Court Unsatisfied With FSSAI, Asks It To Consider Front-of-Pack Labels Warning Of High Sugar, Fat & Sodium In Food
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Development: The Supreme Court expressed displeasure with the FSSAI's compliance affidavit regarding a PIL on mandatory front-of-package warning labels for packaged foods high in sugar, salt, and saturated fat. The Court noted that the FSSAI had failed to produce any concrete results or finalize recommendations, despite previous directions. The FSSAI reported no consensus among stakeholders on the proposed nutrition rating model and planned further steps. The Court, emphasizing the right to health, acknowledged the petitioner's suggestion for clear warning labels on wrappers, citing international practice.
“Highly Disciplined, Respected Organization Like RSS Maligned”: Allahabad HC Quashes Criminal Case Filed by RSS member resident against RWA
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Development: The Allahabad High Court recently quashed a criminal case arising from a parking penalty dispute between a resident and his Residents’ Welfare Association (RWA) office bearers. The Court ruled that the FIR, charge sheet, and summoning order were an “abuse of process of law” because the allegations, even if true, did not meet the essential requirements for offenses like extortion, intimidation, or intentional insult. The key reasons were that no money was actually extracted, the penalty was based on a valid RWA resolution, and the police investigation was “half-baked” and potentially biased. The Court ordered the judgment be placed in the Investigating Officer’s service record and forwarded to the DGP for further action.
III. Details Of Important Cases
A. Supreme Court
‘Balanced Order’: Supreme Court Affirms Madras HC Order Limiting Muslims’ Worship At Thirupparankundram Hills In Tamil Nadu
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Verdict: The Supreme Court upheld a Madras High Court order concerning prayers at the Sikkandar Badhusha Avuliya Dargah in Madurai. The ruling limits Muslim devotees' right to offer namaz at the 33-cent site to only the festivals of Ramzan and Bakri-Id, prohibiting prayers at other times. The order also bans animal sacrifice, cooking, and non-vegetarian food on the premises until a civil court decides on the matter of customary practice.
Supreme Court Approves Assam Govt Mechanism To Evict Encroachers From Forest Lands
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Verdict: The Supreme Court has approved Assam's eviction mechanism for removing encroachers from reserved forests like Doyang and South Nambar, among others, by modifying an earlier Gauhati High Court order. The Court found the state's procedure fair, reasonable, and compliant with due process. The approved mechanism requires a joint forest–revenue committee to send eviction notices, hear occupants, examine evidence, and issue a speaking order before establishing encroachment. Occupants are then granted 15 days to vacate, with the status quo on eviction maintained during that period.
Supreme Court Quashes Charges Under SC/ST Act Against Vyapam Whistleblower Dr Anand Rai
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Verdict: The Supreme Court dismissed charges filed against Vyapam whistleblower Dr. Anand Rai under the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act. The charges, stemming from a 2022 rally in Ratlam, included alleged violence and abuse of officials, resulting in charges under both the IPC and the SC/ST Act. The Supreme Court's division bench ruled that the application of the SC/ST Act was legally unsound, accepting Rai's argument that the investigation was flawed and lacked specific allegations of caste-based offense, thus overturning the Madhya Pradesh High Court's earlier decision.
Supreme Court Asks ECI To Consider PIL Petitioner's Suggestions To Curb Election Expenses
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Verdict: The Supreme Court dismissed a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) seeking a comprehensive plan to control excessive election spending, but acknowledged the relevance of the issue and the petitioner's suggestions. The Court affirmed the Election Commission of India (ECI) as the appropriate statutory authority and directed it to review the suggestions, circulate them among its committees, and integrate them into its standard operating procedures if deemed suitable, noting the ECI's existing expenditure monitoring mechanisms.
Supreme Court Refuses To Entertain Jairam Ramesh's Writ Petition Against Post Facto Environmental Clearances
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Verdict: The Supreme Court dismissed as withdrawn a writ petition filed by Congress MP Jairam Ramesh challenging the grant of ex-post facto environmental clearances. The Court questioned the use of an Article 32 petition to challenge an executive action (Union Office Memorandums) that implemented a previous Supreme Court judgment, suggesting it was an indirect attempt to review the ruling. The petitioner withdrew the plea, reserving the right to seek a formal review of the original judgment.
Supreme Court Refuses To Entertain Plea To Restrain Judicial Orders Allowing Pujas At Aland Dargah In Karnataka
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Verdict: The Supreme Court refused to interfere in a case where the managing committee of the Aland Dargah sought to block court orders permitting Maha Shivratri puja on the premises. The Court allowed the petition to be withdrawn, stating that Article 32 is not the correct way to challenge such High Court orders. The bench emphasized that the waqf status of the property and related issues must first be resolved by the Waqf Tribunal in existing proceedings. The petitioner had argued that the recurring festival-specific puja orders were eroding the dargah’s waqf character and violating the Places of Worship Act.
Supreme Court Declines To Entertain Plea Seeking Govt Approval For Institutions Imparting Religious Instruction To Children
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Verdict: The Supreme Court refused to hear a writ petition requesting the Centre and States to register or recognize all institutions, both secular and religious, providing education to children up to 14 years old. The Court held that the petitioner must first approach the executive authorities. A division bench noted the lack of prior representation and allowed the withdrawal of the Article 32 plea, granting the petitioner the liberty to approach the appropriate authority. The petition had cited Articles 21A, 39(f), 45, and 51A(k), arguing that thousands of unregulated and unregistered institutions were operating, thereby compromising compulsory education, child welfare, and regulatory oversight.
B. Delhi High Court
Central Vista Upgrade: After Assurance In High Court, Krishi Bhawan Mosque Not In New Building Plan
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Development: The fate of the century-old Qadeemi Masjid, located within the Krishi Bhawan premises and part of the Common Central Secretariat redevelopment, is a new concern following a CPWD tender. Although the mosque is a Waqf property used by Government employees and was previously assured protection by the Union Government in 2021 (a plea for which was dismissed by the Delhi High Court), it is omitted from the site drawings of the new building plan, despite not being explicitly listed for removal.
Ghooskhor Pandat Will Be Renamed, Netflix Tells Delhi HC
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Verdict: The Delhi High Court closed a petition challenging the title of the Netflix film Ghooskhor Pandat after the streaming platform agreed to rename the movie. The controversy stemmed from a petition arguing that the original title was defamatory to the "pandat" community by linking it to corruption. Netflix, stating the film is a fictional police drama, informed the court that it would adopt a new title and withdraw all promotional materials using the offensive original title, acknowledging the "unintended controversy."
C. Allahabad High Court
Caste Determined By Birth Remains Unchanged Despite Conversion Or Inter-Caste Marriage: Allahabad High Court
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Verdict: The Allahabad High Court, in a recent ruling by Justice Anil Kumar on February 11, held that an individual's caste, determined at birth, is not changed by religious conversion or inter-caste marriage. The court applied this principle to uphold the use of the SC/ST Act, ruling that a woman's marriage to an upper-caste man did not alter her original caste status for the purpose of the Act's protections. This ruling was made while dismissing appeals in a gang rape case where the accused had argued that the OBC prosecutrix's marriage to an upper-caste man nullified the offense under the SC/ST Act.
D. Calcutta High Court
‘Not Every Insult To SC/ST Member Is Atrocity’: Calcutta HC Quashes Case, Says Workplace Disputes Cannot Be Criminalised
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Verdict: The Calcutta High Court has quashed proceedings under the SC/ST Act against Sanskrit College Principal Ashis Kumar Chattopadhyay. The case was filed by an SC assistant professor, Sanjib Biswas, who alleged the principal called him "untouchable" during a workplace transfer. The court ruled that the incident lacked the necessary criminal intent (mens rea) and public utterance for the insult to be considered an "atrocity" under the Act, characterizing it instead as a routine workplace disagreement.
E. Gujarat High Court
Ancestral Property, Right Of Birth Wholly Foreign To Muslim Law: Gujarat High Court Rejects Woman’s Plea For Share In Father’s Estate
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Verdict: The Gujarat High Court allowed an appeal by brothers challenging a trial court's interim injunction that had partly restrained them from alienating immovable properties in a suit filed by their sisters seeking partition and share in their late father's estate. The Court set aside the injunction order after, holding that the daughters' claims were founded on concepts of joint family property and ancestral property that are "wholly foreign" to Mohammedan Law. It noted that under this law, no living person has heirs and rights in property do not arise by birth. The Court also found that the suit was filed nearly 37 years after the properties were acquired and sold. Further, it held that the plaintiffs lacked the basic legal foundation for interim relief, as they neither pleaded nor proved any partnership, agency, or fiduciary relationship to support their claim.
F. Kerala High Court
Sabarimala Gold Theft: Kerala High Courts Dismissed Challenge Of Smart Creations CEO, Kollam Special Court Granted Default Bail To Ex-Devaswom President And Former Thiruvabharam Commissioner
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Verdict: The Special Court in Kollam granted statutory default bail to N Vasu (former TDB President/Commissioner) and K.S. Baiju (Thiruvabharanam Commissioner) in the Sabarimala gold misappropriation case, as the SIT failed to file a chargesheet within 90 days. The duo was charged with conspiring in the theft of nearly 4 kg of gold from the Sreekovil and Dwarapalaka idols’ gold-plated door frames. Separately, the Kerala High Court dismissed a petition by Pankaj Bhandari, owner of Smart Creations, challenging his arrest. The prosecution alleges Vasu recommended the repair work, allowing Unnikrishnan Potti to sponsor it. Potti, in collusion with Bhandari, is accused of planning a criminal conspiracy to misappropriate the gold cladding on copper plates, which K.S. Baiju allegedly facilitated with a false report. The SIT has recovered gold from Potti’s sister’s house.
G. Karnataka High Court
Karnataka High Court Rejects Plea Making Corruption Allegations Against CM Siddaramaiah, Deputy CM DK Shivakumar; Warns Of Costs
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Verdict: The Karnataka High Court dismissed a corruption petition targeting Chief Minister Siddaramaiah, Deputy CM DK Shivakumar, and several other MLAs and officials, calling it an “abuse of the process of law.” The petitioner, the National President of the Bhrastachar Virodha Party and a dismissed KPTCL employee, had indiscriminately sought criminal proceedings against 51 people. The Court declined to impose the potential fine of ₹10,00,000, citing the petitioner’s status as a dismissed employee.
H. Telangana High Court
Can A Qazi Be Fired For Deputies’ Actions? Telangana HC Reinstates Hyderabad Official, Sets Aside Earlier Order
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Verdict: The Telangana High Court's division bench reinstated additional Qazi Mohammed Zaheeruddin, ruling that the State Government's 2025 removal order was arbitrary and violated natural justice. The Court found the removal, which relied on vague allegations like Naib Qazis performing child marriages, lacked a proper inquiry, specific charges, or consideration of exculpatory evidence. The Court also clarified that the Kazis Act does not make a Qazi vicariously liable for the actions of others, though it permitted the State to initiate new, properly investigated proceedings based on specific misconduct.
I. Orissa High Court
Vague Allegation Of ‘EVM Selfie’ Doesn’t Constitute Corrupt Practice To Nullify MLA’s Election: Orissa High Court
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Verdict: The Orissa High Court dismissed an election petition challenging Biju Janata Dal MLA Sarada Prasad Nayak's 2024 election from Rourkela constituency. The petition was rejected due to the petitioner's failure to annex and serve the Facebook photographs that formed the basis of the corrupt practice allegation at the time of filing. The Court also ruled that vague allegations, such as a government official posting an "EVM selfie," do not constitute a corrupt practice under the Representation of the People Act, 1951. The judgment stressed that insufficient pleadings lacking material facts like date, time, and a link between the candidate and the official cannot overturn a democratic mandate without strict statutory compliance.
J. Madras High Court
Places Of Worship Act Does Not Protect Encroachment By Temple On Government Land: Madras High Court
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Verdict: The Madras High Court dismissed a petition filed by the managing trustee of the Sri Arulmighu Raajakaliamman Temple, N Kumar, challenging notices to remove the temple structure. The temple was alleged to be encroaching upon a government water body bund (Orruni Poramboke Road). The Court rejected the trustee's claims of ancient origin and protection under the Places of Worship Act, 1991, clarifying that the Act does not grant immunity for encroachments on public land. The judgment further stated that payment of taxes or electricity supply does not confer land title, and a Government Order for regularizing residential encroachments was not applicable to this case.
Madras High Court Permits ‘Jana Nayagan’ Movie Producer To Withdraw Plea Against CBFC
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Verdict: KVN Productions was allowed by the Madras High Court to withdraw its writ petition concerning the Central Board of Film Certification’s (CBFC) handling of the film Jana Nayagan. The production company had challenged the CBFC’s certification process after the board first suggested a “UA” certificate contingent on changes, then allegedly delayed issuing the certificate, and eventually referred the film to a revising committee following internal objections. The Court granted the withdrawal after KVN Productions informed the registry via letter that they intended to pursue the internal review process instead of continuing with the litigation.
K. Other Tribunal and District Court Orders
Assam Court Restrains Congress Leaders From Making Defamatory Statements Against CM Himanta Biswa Sarma
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Development: A Guwahati court issued an ad-interim injunction against Congress leaders, including Gaurav Gogoi and Bhupesh Baghel, forbidding them from making allegedly defamatory statements regarding land ownership allegations against Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma and his family. The order is part of a civil suit filed by Sarma, who is also seeking ₹500 crore in damages, following a press conference where the leaders made accusations. The court granted the interim relief to prevent injustice and multiple legal proceedings, and has also issued show-cause notices to the defendants to explain why the injunction should not be made permanent.
DMK Leader Jailed For 3 Years Over “Go To Kashmir” Remark Targeting Tamil Nadu Governor
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Development: DMK leader Sivaji Krishnamurthy was sentenced by the Egmore Metropolitan Magistrate Court in Chennai to three years in prison and a ₹20,000 fine for making derogatory remarks against Tamil Nadu Governor R.N. Ravi and other political figures in 2023. The conviction was based on a viral video of his speech containing expletives and a "go to Kashmir" comment aimed at the Governor. Krishnamurthy was found guilty under IPC provisions, and although he sought leniency, the sentence was delivered. Prior to the conviction, he had been suspended and later reinducted into the DMK following the initial controversy.
Gujarat Court Sentences Journalist Ravi Nair In Adani Defamation Case
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Development: A Magistrate Court in Gandhinagar, Gujarat, has delivered a one-year imprisonment sentence, along with a fine, to journalist Ravi Nair. This conviction is the result of a criminal defamation case brought by Adani Enterprises Ltd. The case centered on a series of tweets that the company alleged were false and defamatory toward it and the broader Adani Group.
Basic Facts Not Proved: Goa Court Acquits Minister Atanasio Monserrate In POCSO Case
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Verdict: A Goa sessions court acquitted Revenue Minister and BJP MLA Atanasio Monserrate and co-accused Rosaria Ferros in a 2016 POCSO case. The court, led by Sessions Judge Irshad Agha, found that the prosecution failed to prove the foundational facts necessary for the charges. Key reasons for the acquittal included a lack of evidence for rape, wrongful confinement, or transmission of nude photographs, the inability to invoke the statutory presumption under the POCSO Act without establishing the basic facts of the crime, and the failure to reliably prove the victim's age due to the margin of error in medical evidence and a lack of reliable records.
IV. Appointments, Collegium Recommendations, And Transfers Section
Over the week of 9–14 February 2026, the judiciary dealt with a wide span of issues, from electoral roll management, reservation implementation, and preventive detention, to temple governance, environmental regulation, and consumer protection. The decisions and proceedings covered here show courts refining procedures, insisting on clearer justifications from authorities, and clarifying how statutory schemes ranging from the SC/ST Act and forest laws to information and regulatory frameworks are to operate in practice. Together, these developments offer a compact snapshot of how the Supreme Court and High Courts are currently shaping the legal context in which governance and institutional accountability are being negotiated.