Between 16th February and 21st February 2026, the Supreme Court of India and several High Courts delivered a series of important rulings and observations touching on constitutional questions, electoral administration, federal relations, economic governance, and criminal accountability. The week saw the Supreme Court schedule hearings in several politically and institutionally significant matters, including the review of the Sabarimala judgment before a nine-judge Constitution Bench, challenges to the Citizenship Amendment Act, 2019, and the interpretation of “industry” under labour law. The Court also examined issues relating to post-facto environmental clearances, tribunal functioning, reservation policy, electoral roll revision, and fiscal discipline in state welfare schemes.
Alongside these developments, multiple High Courts issued rulings across areas such as criminal procedure, property rights, election disputes, administrative law, and social justice, while other tribunals addressed matters involving environmental governance, infrastructure projects, and military administration. Together, these developments reflect the judiciary’s continued engagement with questions that directly intersect with governance, political contestation, and institutional accountability in India.
I. Key Legal Developments:
Sabarimala Women Entry: Supreme Court’s 9-Judge Constitution Bench To Begin Review Hearing From 7th April
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Development: The Supreme Court scheduled the review hearing of the landmark 2018 Sabarimala temple women's entry judgment before a nine‑judge Constitution Bench commencing 7th April, 2026. Chief Justice Surya Kant, the only remaining serving judge from the original 2019 nine‑judge Bench, laid out a detailed hearing schedule with review petitioners arguing from 7–9th April, respondents from 14–16th April, and rejoinder and amicus curiae submissions on 21–22th April, while noting that the maintainability of the over 60 review and writ petitions challenging the 2018 verdict had already been decided, and the Bench will also examine linked issues concerning essential religious practices, including Muslim women's mosque entry and Parsi women's worship rights.
Does Labour Law Apply To State Activities? 9-Judge Supreme Court Constitution Bench To Decide Definition Of “Industry”
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Development: The Supreme Court has formed a nine-judge Constitution Bench to review the definition of "industry" under the Industrial Relations Code, 2020, and the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. This review, scheduled for March 17th-18th, 2026, will specifically re-examine the 1975 Bangalore Water Supply & Sewerage Board v. R Rajappa ruling, which had expanded labour law protections to include entities like clubs, hospitals, and educational institutions. Key issues include assessing the validity of the test established in the 1975 judgment, the effect of subsequent legislative amendments on the term "industry," and whether government social welfare activities constitute "industrial activity."
2-Judge Bench Created Unnecessary Uncertainty : CJI Surya Kant On Judgment Against Post-Facto Environmental Clearances
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Development: The Supreme Court is scheduled to review the implications of its November 2025 judgment, which recalled the May 2025 "Vanashakti" verdict that had banned post-facto Environmental Clearances (ECs). The main question is whether the review judgment effectively validates the Central Government's 2017 and 2021 Office Memorandums (OMs) allowing ex-post facto ECs. The Court's review judgment criticized the May ruling for creating "uncertainty" by invalidating the OMs without a full case law review. Due to conflicting observations within the review judgment itself, the Court seeks clarification on whether its statements, which appear to approve the OMs and prior judgments like D. Swamy and Pahwa Plastics, constitute binding precedent. This clarification is considered urgent to resolve the status of several stalled public projects, as noted by the Solicitor General.
Supreme Court To Start Hearing Petitions Challenging Citizenship Amendment Act 2019 From 5th May
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Development: The Supreme Court has set a hearing schedule from May 5 to May 12, 2026, for a batch of petitions challenging the constitutional validity of the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), 2019. A Bench led by the Chief Justice of India will hear arguments, prioritizing petitions concerning the rest of the country before addressing those specific to Assam and Tripura, which involve issues related to Section 6A of the Citizenship Act and the Assam Accord. The main contention of the challenge is the exclusion of Muslims from the Act's provisions, while the Union government defends the legislation as a limited concession.
WB SIR: ‘Trust Deficit’ Between Bengal Govt & ECI Forces Supreme Court To Appoint Judicial Officers For SIR Duty
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Development: The Supreme Court mandated an "extraordinary arrangement" for the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of West Bengal's electoral rolls due to a "trust deficit" between the state government and the Election Commission of India. This arrangement involves replacing Electoral Registration Officers with serving and former judicial officers to adjudicate claims and objections, with assistance from state and ECI officials. The Court permitted the scheduled publication of the final electoral roll (with potential supplementary lists) and ordered state authorities (Collector, SP, DGP) to provide logistical support and submit compliance affidavits regarding security for officials.
Don’t Let Tribunals Become Defunct: Supreme Court Asks Centre For Roadmap Within 4 Weeks
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Development: The Supreme Court has ordered the Central Government to present a comprehensive, uniform roadmap for the functioning of all tribunals nationwide within four weeks, stressing that they must not become defunct. This scheme may involve legislative changes. As an interim step, the Court allowed Justice Rajesh Khare and the Chairperson of DRAT Kolkata to remain in office. This directive follows the Court's November 2025 judgment, which struck down parts of the Tribunals Reforms Act, 2021, and mandated the creation of a National Tribunals Commission to ensure independence, transparency, and uniformity in tribunal appointments and administration.
‘Some Creases To Be Ironed Out,’ Supreme Court Refers Pleas Challenging DPDP Act Amendment To RTI Act To Larger Bench
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Development: The Supreme Court has referred petitions challenging the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, and its Rules to a larger bench. The core of the challenge is the amendment to the Right to Information (RTI) Act, specifically Section 44(3) of the DPDP Act which amends Section 8(1)(j) of the RTI Act. Critics argue this amendment, by removing the public interest override for disclosing personal information, eliminates the necessary balancing test between transparency and privacy. The Court issued notice to the Union Government on the pleas but refused to stay the legislation, acknowledging that some adjustments might be needed to achieve a proper balance.
Can’t Say Mamata Banerjee Took Away Only TMC's Confidential Files Amidst I-PAC Raid : ED Tells Supreme Court
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Development: The Enforcement Directorate (ED) filed a rejoinder affidavit in the Supreme Court, disputing the West Bengal Government's defense regarding the obstruction of an ED search at the IPAC office. The ED challenged the state's claim that Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee only removed confidential party material, arguing that removing materials during a search compromises the investigation. The ED asserted its petition under Article 32 is maintainable to protect the public's right to the rule of law and the right of its officers to perform their duties. The Supreme Court scheduled the hearing for the ED's petition accusing the Chief Minister and state officials of obstruction for March 18th.
Fix Timelines For Governors, Abandon ‘One Nation, One Language’: Kurian Joseph Committee Suggests Federal Reforms
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Development: The Justice Kurian Joseph-led High-Level Committee on Union–State Relations has submitted a report recommending major constitutional and institutional reforms to increase State autonomy. Key proposals include fixing mandatory 15-day timelines for Governors to act on State Bills, with deemed assent for delays, to limit their discretionary power. The report also rejected the "One Nation, One Language" policy, advocating for English as a permanent link language and recognizing multiple official languages. Additionally, it suggested freezing the delimitation process until 2126 and proposing changes to the constitutional amendment procedure and the GST framework to enhance the States' fiscal autonomy.
‘Classic Case Of Suicidal Hanging’: Supreme Court On Alleged Political Murder During 2018 West Bengal Post-Poll Violence
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Development: The Supreme Court heard a writ petition seeking a CBI investigation into alleged political murders after the 2018 West Bengal panchayat elections, focusing specifically on the Dulal Kumar case. The bench tentatively suggested the death appeared to be "suicidal hanging," which disputes the petitioner's claim of homicidal strangulation by ruling party members. The petitioner argued the police initially refused an FIR and challenged the subsequent CID closure report as biased. While the Court initially suggested the petitioner approach the Calcutta High Court, it ultimately agreed to hear the matter and scheduled it for March 10, 2026.
Supreme Court Asks Madhya Pradesh High Court To Decide Challenge To 27% OBC Quota In 3 Months
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Development: The Supreme Court has returned a batch of appeals challenging the Madhya Pradesh government's increase of the OBC reservation to 27% back to the Madhya Pradesh High Court. The Supreme Court declined to decide the issue itself, stating the High Court is the appropriate forum. It requested the Chief Justice of the High Court to form a special bench to decide the matter within three months due to its long pendency. The challenge centers on the 2019 amendment that raised the OBC quota from 14% to 27%, pushing the total reservation in the state beyond the 50% ceiling.
SC Flags “Freebie” Culture While Examining Tamil Nadu Power Discom’s Challenge Against Cost-Reflective Power Tariff Rule
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Development: The Supreme Court has issued notice on a writ petition challenging the constitutional validity of Rule 23 of the Electricity (Amendment) Rules, 2024, which mandates cost-reflective tariffs and restricts the revenue gap for power distribution companies. The Court will examine the Rule's effect on tariff determination and State utilities. Separately, the Court commented on the practice of State governments providing "freebies" and direct cash transfers, observing that indiscriminate distribution of benefits could impede long-term economic growth. It emphasized that subsidies must comply with the statutory framework and requested information on the fiscal policies adopted by various States.
Delhi Riots Conspiracy Case: Supreme Court To Hear Khalid Saifi's Bail Plea, Rejects Claim For Parity With Co-Accused Given Bail
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Development: The Supreme Court has issued notice on a plea by Khalid Saifi challenging the Delhi High Court's denial of bail in the 2020 Delhi riots conspiracy case (under IPC and UAPA). The plea has been tagged with a similar petition by a co-accused. During the hearing, the Court questioned the allegations linking Saifi to protest sites and inciting violence, and also remarked that the lack of violence at a specific site does not mitigate the broader impact of the alleged acts. The matter is scheduled for the next hearing along with the connected case.
Rs 1270 Crores Contracts Given To Arunachal CM’s Kin, Alleges Petitioner Seeking Probe; Supreme Court Reserves Judgment Khandu’s Kin
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Development: The Supreme Court has reserved its judgment on a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) demanding an SIT probe into the alleged allotment of government contracts, worth around ₹1,270 crore, to companies owned by relatives of Arunachal Pradesh Chief Minister Pema Khandu. Petitioners argue that four firms connected to the Chief Minister’s family were awarded these contracts over the past decade, some allegedly without proper tendering, violating procurement norms and creating a conflict of interest. The state government submitted affidavits with limited details.
Fodder Scam: Supreme Court To Hear CBI’s Appeal Against Suspension Of Lalu Prasad Yadav’s Sentence On 22nd April
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Development: The Supreme Court has set the final hearing for April 22, 2026, for the CBI's appeals challenging the Jharkhand High Court's decisions to suspend the sentences of Lalu Prasad Yadav and other convicts in the fodder scam cases. The CBI argues the suspension violates established legal principles. Yadav's counsel opposed an urgent hearing due to procedural issues. The Court noted that many convicts were elderly and had already had their sentences suspended, and clarified that proceedings would cease upon the death of an accused. The appeals relate to convictions stemming from fraudulent withdrawals from Bihar treasuries in the 1990s.
Land-For-Job CBI Case: Delhi Court Frames Charges Against Lalu Prasad, Rabri Devi; Couple Says ‘Ready To Face Trial’
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Development: A Delhi Rouse Avenue Court has framed charges against former Railway Minister Lalu Prasad, former Bihar Chief Minister Rabri Devi, and others in the CBI's land-for-job case. The court found prima facie evidence of an "overarching criminal conspiracy" to exchange Railway Group-D jobs for land. The charges include criminal conspiracy, cheating, and offences under the Prevention of Corruption Act. The case stems from a 2022 CBI FIR alleging abuse of discretion in railway recruitments, with land purportedly transferred to the accused family members. However, 52 railway officials and others were discharged due to a lack of evidence or authority.
Delhi Court Issues Notice On Plea For Criminal Action Against Mallikarjun Kharge Over ‘Modi Like Poisonous Snake’ Remark
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Development: A Delhi Court has taken cognizance of a criminal revision petition challenging a magistrate's refusal to accept a defamation and hate speech complaint against Congress leader Mallikarjun Kharge. The complaint relates to Kharge's 2023 "poisonous snake" remark against Prime Minister Narendra Modi and, by implication, the BJP and RSS. The magistrate had initially dismissed the complaint, but a Special Judge has now issued a notice and sought responses on the challenge to that dismissal. The matter is scheduled for a hearing on February 27th.
SC Reserves For Judgment Duraisamy-Stalin 2011 Election Dispute
Development: The Supreme Court has reserved its judgment on a case where AIADMK leader Saidai S. Duraisamy challenged a 2017 Madras High Court verdict. The original verdict dismissed allegations of "corrupt practices," including the alleged use of the “Thirumangalam Formula” (distribution of money to voters), against Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M.K. Stalin concerning the 2011 Assembly election in Kolathur. Stalin's side argued there was no evidence that these acts were done with his consent and that the electronic evidence presented did not meet the standards of Section 65B of the Evidence Act.
Madras High Court Reserves Orders On Plea By YouTuber Savukku Shankar's Mother Regarding His Treatment, Challenging Solitary Confinement
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Development: The Madras High Court has reserved its judgment on petitions filed by the mother of YouTuber Savukku Sankar. The pleas sought specialized medical treatment for Sankar and challenged his solitary confinement. The bench reserved orders after reviewing the medical board's report and hearing objections from the State. Sankar, arrested under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita for extortion, had previously received interim medical bail. The State argued that Sankar's medical claims were exaggerated and that his actions were obstructing the investigation, while the petitioner contended that the prison facilities were inadequate for his cardiac condition and that repeated prosecutions violated his liberty.
Increasing Green Cover Effective Solution For Delhi’s Poor AQI, Says Supreme Court
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Development: The Supreme Court recently stated that enhancing green cover is a practical and enduring strategy for improving the Air Quality Index in the Delhi-NCR region. This observation was made during proceedings concerning the formation of an expert committee to supervise the afforestation project intended to offset tree felling in the Delhi ridge area. The bench sanctioned the appointment of a new member to the expert committee and also consented to review previous directives related to boosting green cover, acknowledging their direct influence on air quality.
Madras High Court Orders DVAC To File Case Against Tamil Nadu Minister KN Nehru, Raps State For Delay
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Development: The Madras High Court has ordered the Directorate of Vigilance and Anti-Corruption (DVAC) to immediately register a criminal case against Tamil Nadu's Municipal Administration and Water Supply Minister, KN Nehru, based on Enforcement Directorate (ED) inputs from October 27, 2025. The ED alleged large-scale corruption, including bribes for engineer transfers/postings and significant kickbacks from municipal contracts. The Court strongly criticized the State for delaying action despite voluminous evidence, asserting that the detailed ED information warranted the immediate registration of an FIR and an expeditious investigation.
Sonam Wangchuk Was Only Shown Thumbnails Of Folders, Never Got Chance To Watch Videos: Sibal Tells Supreme Court
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Development: The Supreme Court hearing involved the submission of two pendrives related to Sonam Wangchuk's detention, one with the videography of the DIG's interaction and another with materials provided to him. Senior Advocate Kapil Sibal argued that the legal requirement of supplying full materials was not met because Wangchuk was only shown video folder thumbnails and was not given the four specified videos, hindering his right to effective representation. Solicitor General Tushar Mehta attempted to address translation allegations but was blocked by Sibal for introducing new points, after which Mehta agreed to rely on the detenue's translation. The inconclusive matter was adjourned for further arguments on February 23, 2026.
Can't Allow India To Be Maligned Globally: Delhi HC On UK-Academic Amrit Wilson’s OCI Card Cancellation
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Development: The Delhi High Court is hearing a challenge by UK-based academic Amrit Wilson against the cancellation of her Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) card due to allegations of “anti-India activities.” The court expressed concern that “the country cannot be allowed to be maligned on international platforms.” Wilson’s counsel argued that the show-cause notice was vague and her writings on issues like the farmers’ protests and Kashmir were not seditious. The Central Government has submitted a sealed Intelligence Bureau report detailing the allegations. The court acknowledged the seriousness of the matter and has asked both parties to file written submissions.
NEET-PG 2025 Cut-Off Reduction Made 95,913 More Candidates Eligible, NBEMS Informs Supreme Court
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Development: The National Board of Examinations in Medical Sciences (NBEMS) informed the Supreme Court that its function regarding the reduction of the NEET-PG 2025 qualifying percentile was solely to conduct the exam and publish the revised results. The NBEMS attributed the decision to lower the cut-off to the Directorate General of Health Services and the National Medical Commission. The Board cautioned the court against judicial interference, noting that 95,913 additional candidates became eligible for counselling due to the change.
No Further Exhumation Of Tribal Christians’ Bodies; Status Quo Ordered In Chhattisgarh Burial Rights Plea: Supreme Court
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Development: The Supreme Court of India has ordered a stay and mandated a status quo on the forcible exhumation and relocation of bodies of tribal Christians from village burial grounds in Chhattisgarh. The Court issued notice on a writ petition alleging that 143 families in Bastar, Kanker, and Dantewada districts are being denied their burial rights, with bodies being moved without consent. The petitioners argue that the Chhattisgarh police are misusing a split Supreme Court verdict (Ramesh Baghel v. State of Chhattisgarh) to prevent burials in villages, even without local disputes. The petition challenges the alleged lack of statutory basis for religion-based "designated" burial grounds and invokes fundamental rights under Articles 14, 15, 21, and 25 of the Constitution.
'Don't Trust Anyone' : Supreme Court Advises Caution In Physical Relations Before Marriage
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Development: The Supreme Court, while hearing a bail plea, orally observed that a man and a woman are "strangers" before marriage, emphasizing the need for "circumspection" before pre-marital physical relations. The Court made the observation while addressing a case where a man allegedly lured a complainant with a false promise of marriage, despite being already married, and had physical relations with her. Justice BV Nagarathna, on the bench, also commented that if the woman was serious about marriage, she "should not have travelled" with the man before the marriage took place.
UP Court Orders FIR Against Swami Avimukteshwaranand In Sexual Exploitation Case, Seer Responds
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Development: A special POCSO court in Prayagraj has ordered the police to register a First Information Report (FIR) and launch a detailed investigation against Swami Avimukteshwaranand Saraswati and his disciple. This directive stems from an application alleging sexual exploitation. The case is mandated to be registered at the Jhunsi police station. In response to the order, the seer welcomed the investigation, stating it would allow the truth to be established, and expressed a desire for the matter to be decided quickly.
The Delhi Court Remanded 4 IYC Workers To Police Custody For 5 Days And Denied Their Bail Petition
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Development: A Delhi Court rejected the bail pleas of four Indian Youth Congress workers and remanded them to five days of police custody in connection with their protests at the India AI Impact Summit at Bharat Mandapam. The Court found that the accused had orchestrated a premeditated security breach, raising provocative slogans and obstructing public officials, which resulted in injuries to police personnel. The judge stressed that this conduct exceeded legitimate dissent, amounted to a disturbance of public order, and had the potential to negatively impact India's diplomatic standing with foreign stakeholders present at the summit.
Supreme Court Flags The Risks Of Using AI For Drafting Petitions
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Development: The Supreme Court expressed deep concern over the growing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools for drafting legal petitions, specifically because this has led to the citation of fabricated and non-existent case law, such as the non-existent judgment Mercy v. Mankind. A bench led by Chief Justice Surya Kant called the trend "alarming" and "absolutely uncalled for" when it compromises accuracy. The Court reiterated its warning that the unrestrained use of generative AI can produce "hallucinated" legal content, stressing that technological convenience must not outweigh the pursuit of truth in judicial proceedings.
2007 CRPF Camp Attack Case : Supreme Court To Hear UP Govt’s Appeal Against Acquittal Of 4 Death Row Convicts
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Development: The Supreme Court is set to hear the Uttar Pradesh Government's appeal against the Allahabad High Court's decision to acquit four men who were previously sentenced to death for the 2007 CRPF camp terror attack, which killed eight personnel. The High Court had overturned the 2019 death sentences of Mohd Sharif, Imran Shahjad, Mohd Farooq, and Sabauddin, and acquitted them and co-accused Jang Bahadur Khan, citing major investigative flaws. These included the lack of a Test Identification Parade (TIP) for a night-time incident and noted problems with the custody of evidence, such as potential tampering with fingerprints and firearms.
Bombay HC Issues Notice On Anil Deshmukh’s Plea To Fast-Track CBI Trial That Forms Basis Of ED Case
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Development: The Bombay High Court has requested responses from the Enforcement Directorate (ED) and the Maharashtra Government regarding a plea by former State Home Minister Anil Deshmukh. Deshmukh seeks an expedited trial in the CBI corruption case, which is the foundational "predicate offence" for the ED's money laundering proceedings under the PMLA. The Court noted that the ED's prosecution depends on the CBI's FIR and expressed concern that a delay in the predicate offence trial prejudices the accused. The matter has been adjourned, pending the respondents' submissions on whether a time-bound directive for the CBI trial should be issued.
Heritage Preservation Trumps Crowd Management Measures: Madras HC On Kancheepuram Temple Renovation
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Development: The Madras High Court has expressed serious concerns about the renovation and crowd-management work at the Sri Devaraja Swamy Temple in Kancheepuram, stressing that heritage preservation must be prioritized over convenience. While declining to stop the works or the upcoming Kumbhabhishekam, the Court warned authorities against damaging ancient murals or granite flooring through structural alterations like ramps. The Court suggested alternative crowd-control methods like token systems and time-slot booking and has scheduled a further hearing.
Supreme Court Seeks Union’s Affidavit On TET Requirement For Special Educators To Secondary Classes
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Development: The Supreme Court has taken two actions regarding educators: first, it sought clarification from the Union Government on the mandatory nature of the Teachers’ Eligibility Test (TET) qualification for special educators teaching Classes 9 to 12, questioning the requirement’s imposition via executive order. Second, the Court mandated all States and Union Territories to submit affidavits within one month detailing their compliance with earlier 2022 and 2025 orders concerning pay parity and service conditions for contractual teachers, following reports of non-compliance.
Supreme Court Asks UP DIG To Go Before Hyderabad Forensic Lab For Voice Comparison With Hate Speech Clip
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Development: The Supreme Court, following the dismissal of a "retaliatory" prosecution against Islamuddin Ansari for circulating an alleged hate speech audio clip, has issued fresh directions in the case. The Court ordered Uttar Pradesh DIG Sanjeev Tyagi to provide a voice sample at the Telangana Forensic Sciences Laboratory in Hyderabad for comparison with the audio clip. Additionally, the lab was instructed to investigate the seized phone for deleted data and submit a forensic report and transcript in a sealed cover. The petitioner, Islamuddin Ansari, was allowed to be present during the process to help locate the audio clip.
Allahabad High Court Issues Contempt Notices To Bareilly DM, SSP Over Alleged Interference In ‘Namaz’ At Private Property
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Development: The Allahabad High Court has initiated contempt proceedings against the Bareilly District Magistrate and Senior Superintendent of Police for allegedly preventing individuals from performing Namaz inside a private residence. The Court cited a violation of its previous ruling in Maranatha Full Gospel Ministries v State of UP, which affirmed that no prior permission is needed for religious prayer on private property, a right protected under Article 25 of the Constitution. The petitioner claimed the police detained him in January for offering Namaz privately and then failed to assure non-interference for the upcoming Ramzan period.
'Cannot Specify Date For Return To India, English Courts Have Barred Me From Leaving England': Vijay Mallya Tells Bombay High Court
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Development: Fugitive businessman Vijay Mallya told the Bombay High Court he cannot commit to a return date to India, claiming English court orders prevent him from leaving their jurisdiction. The Court and Solicitor General Tushar Mehta questioned this reliance, suggesting Mallya should submit to India’s legal system. A division bench had previously ruled that they would not hear Mallya’s challenge to the Fugitive Economic Offenders Act’s validity unless he returned to the country, and had recently given him a final chance to state his return plans.
Is There 'Deemed Sanction' To Prosecute If Decision Delayed? Supreme Court Refers To Larger Bench
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Development: The Supreme Court has referred the legal question of whether a sanction to prosecute a public servant under Section 197 CrPC (or Section 217 BNSS) can be “deemed granted” if the sanctioning authority fails to decide within a time limit, to a larger bench for an authoritative decision. The Court stayed a Madras High Court direction that had provided for such a deemed sanction, noting the existence of conflicting legal precedents (such as Suneeti Toteja rejecting the concept). Acknowledging delays by sanctioning authorities, the matter has been sent to the Chief Justice of India for a final resolution.
Political Leaders Must Foster Fraternity In Country; Elections Must Be Fought On Mutual Respect: Supreme Court
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Development: The Supreme Court heard a petition regarding "constitutionally unbecoming speech" by public office holders, specifically citing controversial remarks by Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma. The Court emphasized the need for political leaders to promote fraternity and conduct elections with constitutional morality and mutual respect. However, the bench, led by Chief Justice Surya Kant, found the current petition to be selectively targeted and poorly drafted. The Court advised the petitioners to withdraw the current one and file a new, neutral petition focused on broad constitutional principles, stressing that any resulting standards must apply equally to all political parties. The matter was adjourned for two weeks to allow for the revision.
There Is No Country Like That; It Is Like Kailasa: Supreme Court On Vanuatu
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Development: The Supreme Court was hearing a bail plea filed by a foreign national accused of cheating, forgery and criminal breach of trust under the IPC, when the Bench made oral remarks about the accused’s claimed nationality of Vanuatu. During the exchange with defence counsel, the judges expressed scepticism about the country mentioned and commented in a lighter vein while questioning the accused’s multiple identities. The matter itself concerned the accused’s involvement in alleged financial offences, and the bail plea was ultimately dismissed as withdrawn after the brief hearing.
Most Union SLPs Come With 100 Days Of Delay, Says Supreme Court
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Development: The Supreme Court strongly criticized the Union Government for habitually filing special leave petitions (SLPs) with significant, often unexplained, delays, noting a majority of the Union's SLPs are submitted over 100 days late. In a specific case with a 251-day delay, the bench of Justices Dipankar Datta and Satish Chandra Sharma rejected the application for condonation of delay, stating there was no valid justification and refusing further leniency against administrative procrastination. The Additional Solicitor General attributed the delay to the lengthy drafting process, which took several months, despite instructions to file being received on time.
Why Rules Under Shariat Application Act Not Framed? Supreme Court Seeks Responses Of Union, UP Govt
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Development: The Supreme Court has directed the Union Government and the Government of Uttar Pradesh to explain their failure to frame rules under Section 4 of the Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937. The Court noted that the absence of these rules creates a statutory gap, preventing a Muslim from making the required declaration under Section 3 to be governed by Shariat law. The matter stems from an appeal against a 2011 Delhi High Court judgment that invalidated a Will due to the lack of a formal Shariat Act declaration. The governments have been instructed to file affidavits detailing the status of the rule-making process, with the next hearing scheduled for February 25th, 2026.
Beant Singh Assassination Case: Supreme Court To Hear Hawara’s Jail Transfer Plea on 11th March and Balwant Singh Rajoana’s Plea On 18th March
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Development: The Supreme Court has deferred two hearings related to the 1995 assassination of former Punjab Chief Minister Beant Singh. The hearing for convict Jagtar Singh Hawara's plea to be transferred from Tihar Jail to a Punjab prison was adjourned to March 11th after the Union Government requested more time. Separately, the Court set March 18th to hear the plea of another convict, Balwant Singh Rajoana, who is seeking commutation of his death sentence based on grounds of prolonged incarceration and the long delay in deciding his mercy petition, which has been pending since 2012
Madhya Pradesh High Court Sends Back Bhojshala Dispute Case To Indore Bench For Hearing
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Development: The Madhya Pradesh High Court has transferred the petitions regarding the Bhojshala Temple–Kamal Maula Mosque dispute to its Indore bench for easier handling, as the disputed site in the Dhar district falls under its territorial jurisdiction. The transfer aligns with previous Supreme Court directions to unseal the ASI survey report and maintain the status quo established in April 2023, which allows Hindu worship on Tuesdays and Muslim prayers on Fridays. The Indore bench will hold the next hearing.
“Surrender Immediately”: Delhi High Court To Kuldeep Singh Sengar’s Brother In Unnao Custodial Death Case
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Development: The Delhi High Court has ordered Jaideep Sengar, convicted in the Unnao custodial death case, to immediately surrender. His plea for suspension of sentence will not be heard until he complies. The court noted that his interim suspension, granted on medical grounds in July 2024 and last extended in April 2025, was not subsequently extended, and no presumed extension is valid. The Court warned that failure to surrender could result in him being declared an absconder, with the CBI taking appropriate action.
Delhi HC Seeks Steps To Fill DCW Vacancies
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Development: The Delhi High Court has directed the Delhi Government to explain the delay in filling vacant positions for the chairperson and members of the Delhi Commission for Women (DCW), expressing concern that the body has become non-functional. Hearing a Public Interest Litigation (PIL), the bench emphasized the DCW's crucial statutory functions for women's welfare and instructed the Government counsel to seek instructions, scheduling the matter for the following week.
8 Judicial Officers In Jodhpur Put On APO After Inspection By Acting CJ
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Development: Following a surprise inspection by Acting Chief Justice Sanjeev Prakash Sharma, the Rajasthan High Court issued an immediate administrative order placing eight judicial officers in Jodhpur on ‘awaiting posting order.’ The inspection of courtrooms in the High Court heritage complex reportedly revealed several courtrooms vacant and officers absent during official court hours. Citing exigencies, the Registrar General directed one district judge to report to the High Court, while the remaining officers were attached to the district and sessions judge headquarters.
Supreme Court Forms Committee To Guide Judges About Sensitivity, Compassion In Judicial Work
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Development: The Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice Surya Kant, established an expert committee headed by former apex court judge Justice Aniruddha Bose to draft guidelines for a more sensitive and compassionate judiciary, particularly for victims of sexual offences. The committee is mandated to be diverse and produce a simple, accessible report translated into regional languages. A key focus is to identify and address offensive expressions in judicial narratives of sexual offences. These directions came as the Supreme Court set aside a 2025 Allahabad High Court order that had used explicit language and diluted charges in a minor sexual assault case, thereby restoring the original summons under POCSO and attempt to rape provisions.
Plea In Madras High Court Insists I-T Dept Probe Into Ramanathapuram MP Navas Kani’s Assets
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Development: The Madras High Court has issued a notice to the Income Tax Department regarding a writ petition that calls for an inquiry into allegations that Ramanathapuram MP K. Navas Kani of the Indian Union Muslim League suppressed income and holds assets disproportionate to his known sources of income. The court has directed the Director General of Income Tax (Investigation) to respond within one week. The petitioner claims there was an "unexplained growth" in the assets of the MP and his family between his 2019 and 2024 election affidavits, alleging misuse of public funds, and noted that prior complaints had not resulted in action. A separate plea for a CBI probe is also pending.
Delhi High Court Seeks Centre’s Response On Plea Challenging Provisions Of Data Protection Law
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Development: The Delhi High Court has requested a response from the Central Government regarding a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) that challenges provisions of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 and the Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025. The PIL argues that the impugned provisions violate Articles 14, 19(1)(a), and 21 of the Constitution by placing heavy obligations on citizens, media bodies, and intermediaries while simultaneously weakening safeguards for privacy, free expression, and press freedom. The Court has issued notice to the Centre, and the case is scheduled for a further hearing in April.
Anil Ambani Files Affidavit In Supreme Court, Undertakes Not To Leave India & To Cooperate With ED-CBI Probe
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Development: Industrialist Anil Ambani has submitted an affidavit to the Supreme Court regarding ED and CBI investigations into alleged loan fraud by ADAG companies and a requested probe into the alleged diversion of over ₹40,000 crore. In his undertaking, Ambani committed to fully cooperate with the agencies, not leave India without court permission, and appear before the ED as scheduled. The Supreme Court had previously directed the ED to form a Special Investigation Team (SIT) and the CBI to register separate FIRs and examine the role of bank officials without waiting for sanction.
Kerala High Court Orders Standardised Framework For Prasad Sales In Sabarimala Temple
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Development: The Kerala High Court intervened in the administration of the Sabarimala Temple, criticizing the Travancore Devaswom Board for "wholly unacceptable" accounting practices and "systemic deficiencies" following an audit that found a short remittance exceeding ₹21 lakh, particularly concerning the sale of "Adiya Sishtam Ghee." The Court has ordered the Board to immediately establish a "transparent and standardised framework" for the sale of all prasadam items, including an "end to end standardised procedure" for procurement, stock management, and digital recording. Additionally, the Court mandated that the ongoing Vigilance probe must be concluded within 45 days and requires the Board to file a time-bound action plan for compliance.
No Conversion Angle In Suicide Of Tamil Nadu School Girl In 2022 : CBI Informs Supreme Court
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Development: The CBI has informed the Supreme Court that its chargesheet in the 2022 suicide case of a Tamil Nadu school girl found no evidence for the alleged forced religious conversion. The agency concluded that the suicide was caused by continuous harassment and exploitation by the hostel warden, which resulted in significant mental stress for the victim. The CBI has filed charges against the warden under Section 305 IPC (abetment of suicide) and Section 75 of the Juvenile Justice Act.
Delhi High Court Seeks Response From Police, Central Government Over Disappearance Of 807 People
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Development: The Delhi High Court has requested responses from the Delhi Police, Central Government, Delhi Government, and the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) regarding a Public Interest Litigation (PIL). This PIL addresses the alarming disappearance of 807 individuals in Delhi between January 1st and January 15th, 2026, a figure brought to public attention by a news report. The division bench has ordered the authorities to submit their replies within four weeks. Separately, the NHRC has independently acknowledged the situation, taking suo motu cognisance and demanding a detailed report from the Delhi Government and Police.
Telangana High Court Seeks Response From Centre: In Plea Challenging Trifurcation Of Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation
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Development: The Telangana High Court has sought responses from the Centre and State Government on a writ petition challenging the division of the Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) into three new municipal corporations. The petitioners argue that this reorganization violates the administrative boundary freeze imposed for the 2027 Census, whose notification date was December 31, 2025. They claim the action is contrary to the Census Act and constitutional law, while the State and Centre counter that the freeze applies closer to the census reference date of March 1, 2027.
‘You Need Harsher Action’: High Court Raps Delhi Govt Over Delay In Filling Up DCPCR Vacancies, Warns Of Serious Consequence
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Development: The Delhi High Court severely criticized the Delhi Government for its long delay in filling vacancies within the Delhi Commission for Protection of Child Rights, with posts vacant since July 2023. The Court stressed that this delay undermines the legislative intent of key child protection laws. While acknowledging the Government’s promise to finalize the selection process by the second week of April, the Court warned of serious consequences if this deadline is missed. The matter is scheduled for the next hearing on April 15th.
Did Judge Fabricate Case Record To Deny Bail To Juvenile In Gang-Rape Case? Rajasthan HC Calls For Probe
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Development: The Rajasthan High Court has referred a matter to the Chief Justice for necessary action after finding prima facie evidence of fabricated case records designed to deny default bail to a juvenile in a gang-rape case. Justice Farjand Ali noted serious chronological inconsistencies, including an alleged ante-dated order-sheet and a lack of judicial noting on the chargesheet filing, which seemed intended to circumvent the 90-day statutory period under Section 187(2) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita. Concluding that a judicial officer attempted to defeat the juvenile's statutory right, the Court ordered the juvenile's release and emphasized that the issue is not mere error but possible fabrication of a record, requiring a thorough inquiry.
Madras High Court To Hear Former T.N. Minister Ponmudy’s Petition Against I-T Assessment Order After Two Weeks
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Development: The Madras High Court has adjourned the hearing for two weeks on a writ petition filed by former Tamil Nadu Minister K. Ponmudy. The petition challenges a December 2022 Income Tax assessment order that demands ₹78.33 lakh, including interest, stemming from an alleged illegal payment of ₹20 lakh from SRS Mining. The case was adjourned due to a change in the counsel representing the I-T department. Mr. Ponmudy, who previously secured an interim stay on coercive action, is arguing that he was denied access to evidence and the opportunity to cross-examine witnesses before the assessment order was issued.
Madras HC Refuses Interim Relief To Political Parties De-Registered By ECI For Not Contesting Polls
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Development: The Madras High Court refused to grant interim relief to several Tamil Nadu political parties challenging the Election Commission of India's (ECI) decision to de-register them for failing to contest elections for six consecutive years. The Court held that granting a stay would be equivalent to granting final relief, noting that the balance of convenience did not favor the petitioners given the undisputed fact of non-participation in elections. However, the Court acknowledged that the case raises a "serious constitutional issue" regarding the ECI's authority to de-register parties without an explicit statutory provision, and the matter has been scheduled for a final hearing in March.
Supreme Court Stays Madras HC Order Halting TN Waqf Board’s Functioning For Not Including 2 Non-Muslims & 2 Other Members
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Development: The Supreme Court has issued a stay on the interim order of the Madras High Court that had prevented the Tamil Nadu Waqf Board from operating. The High Court's earlier ruling declared the Board defunct, citing non-compliance with the statutory composition requirements outlined in Section 14 of the Waqf Act. The Supreme Court's bench issued notice on the Special Leave Petition filed by the Board and subsequently stayed the High Court's direction that rendered the Board inoperable. Furthermore, the Supreme Court instructed the State Government to present a proposal for the proper constitution of the Board.
Kerala High Court Issues Notice To Producers Of ‘The Kerala Story 2’ In Plea Challenging Certification Granted To Movie
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Development: The Kerala High Court has issued a notice to the producers of the Hindi film, “The Kerala Story 2 Goes Beyond,” regarding a writ petition challenging the CBFC certification. The petition alleges that the film’s promotional material promotes coercive religious conversion and terrorism, specifically linking them to Kerala, and argues that the CBFC failed to apply necessary safeguards. The petitioner seeks to quash the certification or require modifications, including a title change and disclaimers, citing the potential for disruption of public order and communal harmony. The court has scheduled the matter for further consideration.
Journalist Saying AI Summit Is Going Wrong Can Be Jailed Under UAPA: Petitioner To Delhi HC In Challenge To Anti-Terror Law
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Development: The Delhi High Court is currently hearing four petitions challenging several provisions of the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA). The challenged sections include 2(1)(o)(iii), which defines “unlawful activity”; 43D(4), which bars anticipatory bail; the proviso to 43D(5), which restricts bail if accusations are prima facie true; and Sections 35 and 36, which relate to designating terrorists and terror organizations. Senior Advocate Arvind Datar argued that Section 2(1)(o)(iii) is vague and arbitrary, potentially endangering journalists whose criticism of government policies could be falsely construed as causing disaffection against India.
‘Tum Log Police Se Ghir Chuke Ho’: Why Allahabad High Court Equated This UP Police FIR With A ‘Movie Script’
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Development: The Allahabad High Court heavily criticized the Uttar Pradesh Police for filing a "fanciful," "scripted," and "movie script"-like FIR with "glaring inconsistencies and inherent improbabilities" regarding charges including attempted murder. The Court observed that such exaggerated, hearsay-based FIRs are a "patent abuse of law" and could be quashed under the State of Haryana v Bhajan Lal principles. The Court stayed coercive action against the petitioner and ordered the Superintendent of Police, Bahraich, to submit a personal affidavit explaining the inconsistencies, with a mandate for personal appearance if not complied with.
Sabarimala Gold Theft: Kerala High Court Orders Advanced Metallurgical Tests, Sets 31st March As Deadline For Final Report
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Development: The Kerala High Court has ordered advanced metallurgical and forensic testing, including XRF, ICP-MS, and OES, of gold samples in the Sabarimala gold misappropriation case. The court, during suo motu proceedings, set a deadline of March 31, 2026, for the final report, noting that 36 samples are already at the National Metallurgical Laboratory. Additionally, the investigating team was permitted to obtain call data records, and the Vigilance and Anti-Corruption Bureau has started a preliminary inquiry into related irregularities. The matter is posted for further monitoring.
Delhi HC Seeks Delhi Police Reply To Wrestler Sushil Kumar's Bail Plea In Sagar Dhankar Murder Case
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Development: The Delhi High Court issued notice to Delhi Police and Sagar Dhankar's family seeking replies on Olympic wrestler Sushil Kumar's fresh bail plea in the 2021 Chhatrasal Stadium murder case. Sushil Kumar faces charges of murder and conspiracy over property dispute and is named as a main accused after arrest in May 2021, had prior bail from Delhi HC cancelled by Supreme Court over witness tampering concerns. In his fresh application, Kumar has argued that his bail plea can be considered afresh as all public witnesses have been examined. The contention is opposed by both the Police and counsel representing Dhankar's family.
Pit Death Arrest Row: Police Seek More Time From Court To Present CCTV Footage
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Development: A Delhi court directed the police to file a detailed reply along with CCTV footage from Janakpuri police station to examine allegations of illegal arrest of Rajesh Prajapati in the Janakpuri pit death case. The police informed the court that the footage had been preserved but could not be extracted due to technical storage constraints and sought more time. The court issued fresh notice to the investigating officer and listed the matter for February 18. Prajapati has claimed that he was illegally apprehended on 6th February and produced before the magistrate only on 8th February, in violation of Article 22(2) of the Constitution and Section 187 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita. His bail plea was earlier rejected, while anticipatory bail pleas of the firm’s directors and a labourer are pending.
Police-Politician Nexus: Supreme Court On Andhra Police Probe Into Murder Case Against MLC Ananta Udaya Bhaskar
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Development: The Supreme Court lambasted Andhra Pradesh police for a “clear nexus of Police and power” and "laxity if not complicity" in investigating the 2022 murder of Dalit ex-driver Veedhi Subrahmanyam by YSRCP MLC Ananta Udaya Bhaskar (aka Anantha Babu), noting attempts to grant default bail under CrPC 167(2) despite AP HC denial. The Court, acknowledging interim bail for two years and recent supplementary chargesheet post TDP govt reinvestigation, directed AP HC CJ to assign a senior judge for priority trial: further probe by 31st March, charges by 18th April, completion by 30th November with monitoring to balance liberty and fair trial.
Provide Basic Amenities To Evicted People: Gauhati High Court Tells Assam Government
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Development: The Gauhati High Court directed multiple Assam Government departments to provide basic amenities to 566 families living in makeshift camps following their eviction from Hasila Beel wetland in Goalpara district. 60 affected people had filed a petition alleging that the evictions on the grounds that the land they inhabited formed a part of the wetland was contrary to the law laid down by the Supreme Court in various judgements. The Bench of Justice Devashis Baruah ordered immediate provision of rations under the National Food Security Act, drinking water, sanitation, medical services and educational facilities for children. The Court took note of the humanitarian conditions highlighted in the petition and sought affidavits from the concerned departments by 9th March, 2026 detailing compliance.
‘Law Will Take Its Course If Anybody Tries To Mess With Court’: CJI On Rajasthan MLA Questioning SC Order
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Development: The Supreme Court, while hearing a bail plea, took strong exception to remarks made by a Rajasthan MLA in the Legislative Assembly criticising an earlier interim bail order. The bench stated that the law will take its own course if anyone attempts to undermine the authority of the Court. The Court observed that statements made in the Assembly do not grant immunity from consequences and warned against any attempt to interfere with judicial functioning
‘You Should Be Charged With Murder’: SC Orders Marion Biotech To Face Trial Over Child Deaths Due To Cough Syrups
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Development: The Supreme Court dismissed the petition filed by Marion Biotech and its officials challenging the summons issued in connection with the manufacture of cough syrups linked to child deaths in Uzbekistan in 2022, and directed them to appear before the trial court. The Court came down heavily on the company, observing that the allegations could warrant more stringent charges, including under the Indian Penal Code, and noted that the existing prosecution under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act may be inadequate given the gravity of the incident. The Court refused to grant any relief and upheld the continuation of criminal proceedings against the company and its officials.
Petitions Filed In Patna High Court Challenging Election Of Several MLAs, High Court Issues Notices
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Development: The Patna High Court issued notices to over 40 elected MLAs, including the Assembly Speaker and senior ministers, in a batch of election petitions filed by losing candidates challenging the validity of their election. The petitions allege discrepancies in affidavits, violation of provisions of the Representation of the People Act, and other irregularities in the 2025 Bihar Assembly elections. The Court, following the usual procedure in election matters, sought responses from the respondents and directed them to file replies within the stipulated time, with further proceedings to follow after examination of the material on record.
Defamation Case: Rahul Says Case Filed Out Of Political Malice; U.P. Court Fixes 9th March As Next Date Of Hearing
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Development: The MP-MLA Court in Sultanpur recorded the statement of Leader of Opposition Rahul Gandhi in a 2018 defamation case concerning alleged remarks against Union Home Minister Shri Amit Shah, wherein he denied the allegations and termed the complaint politically motivated and baseless. The case, filed by a BJP leader and pending trial for several years with prior proceedings including issuance of warrant and grant of bail, was listed for further hearing on 9th March, with the Court directing Gandhi to furnish evidence in his defence.
Bitcoin ‘Scam’ Case: Mumbai Court Grants Bail To Raj Kundra
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Development: A special PMLA court in Mumbai granted bail to businessman Raj Kundra after he appeared before it in a money laundering case linked to the alleged Gain Bitcoin Ponzi scam. The Court had earlier taken cognisance of the Enforcement Directorate’s charge sheet, which prima facie indicated his involvement. The ED alleged that Kundra received 285 Bitcoins, valued at over ₹150 crore, from the main accused for setting up a mining operation, while Kundra claimed he acted only as a mediator and had cooperated with the investigation since 2021.
Allahabad HC Fixes 12th March For Next Hearing Of Krishna Janmabhoomi-Shahi Idgah Mosque
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Development: The Allahabad High Court fixed 12th March as the next date of hearing on the amendment application filed by the Muslim side in the Krishna Janmabhoomi–Shahi Idgah mosque dispute. The Court granted time after noting that no order allowing the earlier amendment application was found on record. The matter arises from a batch of around 18 suits filed by the Hindu petitioners seeking removal of the Shahi Idgah mosque and restoration of the temple at the disputed site. Earlier, in August 2024, the Court had rejected the Muslim side’s objections on maintainability and held that the suits were not barred by the Limitation Act, the Waqf Act, or the Places of Worship Act, 1991
Supreme Court Allows Open Court Hearing Of Review Petitions Against 3-Year Law Practice Rule For Judicial Service
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Development: The Supreme Court allowed review petitions challenging its May 2025 judgment mandating 3 years of legal practice for Civil Judge (Junior Division) eligibility to be heard in open court with oral arguments, issuing notice returnable on 26th February instead of chambers consideration based on written submissions. The Court took up pleas including those by Senior Advocate Colin Gonsalves and Advocate Chandra Sen Yadav, against the earlier ruling by then CJI BR Gavai's bench that applied the rule prospectively from provisional enrolment date with one year training before presiding.
Madras High Court Revives Hearing Of Cases Against ECR Bungalows Of Vijay, Kamal Haasan, Udhayanidhi Stalin
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Development: The Madras High Court revived a batch of cases concerning alleged unauthorised constructions along the East Coast Road falling within Coastal Regulation Zone limits. The Court noted that notices had been issued in 2018 to around 798 properties for violations of CRZ norms. Observing that a large number of statutory appeals remained pending, the Court directed the competent authority to hear all pending appeals and revisions between 23rd February and 30th March, 2026 and dispose of them by 31st May, 2026 through reasoned orders. The Court also permitted authorities to proceed in accordance with law against property owners who had not challenged the notices.
Advocate Moves Kerala High Court Challenging 'No Vehicle Wednesdays' In Lakshadweep
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Development: The Kerala High Court is seized of a writ petition challenging the Lakshadweep Administration’s order declaring every Wednesday as a “No Vehicle Day” across the Union Territory. The petition assails the 17th February, 2026 order issued by the District Collector, which prohibits plying of motor vehicles with limited exemptions for emergency and essential services, on grounds of violation of fundamental rights under Articles 14, 19 and 21. The petitioner has sought quashing of the order and interim stay, contending that the blanket restriction lacks rational nexus with its stated objective and imposes disproportionate hardship on residents, travellers and supply chains.
Delhi High Court Refuses To Stop Media Reporting On Dwarka SUV Crash But Says Minor Accused’s Identity Must Be Protected
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Development: The Delhi High Court refused to impose a blanket media gag on reporting the 3rd February, 2026 Dwarka SUV crash case where a 17-year-old's speeding SUV killed a 23-year-old biker, firmly stating no court can curb press freedom and that a complete gag order is not legally maintainable. However, finding the petition maintainable under Section 74 of the Juvenile Justice Act, the Court issued notice to the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Press Council of India, and PTI, directing all media not to disclose the minor accused's name, photo, or identity records, with the matter listed for next hearing.
Kerala Govt Moves SC Against Cancellation Of Nava Keralam Survey, Says Party's Letter Can't Invalidate State's Scheme
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Development: The Kerala Government has moved to the Supreme Court by filing a Special Leave Petition challenging the High Court’s decision to quash the Nava Keralam citizen outreach survey, and has sought interim relief against the cancellation. The State contended that the programme was a governance and development feedback initiative aimed at gathering public inputs on welfare measures and local needs, and argued that the High Court’s interference prejudiced its ability to undertake policy decisions involving public expenditure. It further submitted that the High Court erred in relying on a communication issued by a political party functionary to invalidate the scheme, asserting that such a letter cannot be the basis to conclude that the State acted under external direction, and that issues relating to implementation and departmental allocation fall within the executive’s domain.
Plea Before Bombay High Court Against State's Decision To Scrap 5% Muslim Quota
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Development: A Mumbai-based lawyer, Advocate Syed Ejaz Abbas Naqvi, has filed a petition before the Bombay High Court challenging the Maharashtra Government's 17th February decision to cancel the 5% SEBC reservation for about 50 identified Muslim communities in Government-funded educational institutions, alleging it is arbitrary, discriminatory, and violates constitutional principles without any fresh data or complaints to the State Backward Class Commission. The challenge traces back to a July 2014 Congress-NCP Government resolution (SBC-A category) upheld by the Bombay HC in November 2014, which the BJP-led Government had allowed to lapse by not converting it into a statute, and which the present ruling has now formally cancelled via a Social Justice Department GR.
Consider On ‘Humanitarian’ Grounds If Muslim Drivers, Passengers Can Offer Namaz At Temporary Shed Near Mumbai Airport: Bombay HC To MMRDA
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Development: The Bombay High Court, while hearing a petition by an auto-taxi drivers’ union challenging the demolition of a temporary Namaz shed near Mumbai airport, directed the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) to state whether it would permit a temporary structure during Ramadan on purely humanitarian grounds. The division bench observed that the shed, which existed since 1995 and was demolished in April 2025 following complaints of illegality, may have caused inconvenience to drivers and passengers, and sought a clear commitment from the authority instead of a prolonged representation process. Clarifying that it was not seeking regularisation of the structure, the Court indicated that a temporary arrangement limited to Ramadan could be considered and listed the matter for further hearing next week.
Supreme Court Issues Directions For Proper Enforcement Of Solid Waste Management Rules, 2026
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Development: The Supreme Court issued a comprehensive set of directions for the implementation of the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2026, noting persistent gaps in segregation, processing and disposal of waste across the country. The bench flagged the continued existence of unprocessed waste and legacy dumpsites despite the 2016 framework, and emphasised that the right to a clean environment is part of Article 21. It directed strict enforcement through a multi tier mechanism involving local bodies, District Collectors and State authorities, mandated four stream segregation of waste, infrastructure audits, time bound compliance targets and accountability measures including fines and criminal prosecution for non compliance. The Court also called for inclusion of waste management in school curricula, real time monitoring through photographic evidence, classification of municipal performance and constitution of multi level monitoring committees, while warning that failure to comply may invite coercive action against responsible officials.
After Supreme Court’s Criticism, UP Police Agree To Add Hate Crime Offences In Case Of Attack On Muslim Cleric
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Development: The Supreme Court, while hearing a plea alleging improper investigation into the 2021 attack on a Muslim cleric in Noida, recorded that the Uttar Pradesh Police has agreed to add hate crime offences under Sections 153B and 295A of the IPC. The Court noted that the Investigating Officer had committed a “grave error” in not invoking the appropriate provisions despite the allegations disclosing such offences, and permitted the authorities to move the trial court for return of the case records to conduct further investigation and add the relevant charges, along with obtaining the required sanction.
Spare Temples: Uttarakhand High Court On ‘alarming’ Live-In Relationship, Molestation Allegations Against Mahant
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Development: The Uttarakhand High Court expressed concern over “alarming” instances of illegal activities in religious institutions and directed the District Collector to conduct surprise inspections of temples and ashrams. The Court noted multiple allegations, including a live-in relationship and molestation charges against the mahant, and emphasised the need to protect the sanctity of religious places and public donations. It also sought reports on the findings in a sealed cover, reviewed the ongoing supervision of the temple by the Badrinath Kedarnath Temple Committee, and cautioned that interim protection granted to the mahant would be withdrawn if he failed to cooperate with the investigation. The court was hearing petitions concerning alleged criminal misconduct and mismanagement by the mahant of Maa Chanda Devi temple in Haridwar.
Zee Entertainment Issued SEBI Show-Cause Notice In Alleged Fund Diversion Case
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Development: The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has issued a show-cause notice to Zee Entertainment Enterprises Limited (ZEEL) and members of its leadership, reviving allegations of fund diversion and corporate governance lapses, first raised in 2019. The notice follows a multi-year investigation into the company’s internal financial transactions and is directed at both Zee and its chairman and chief executive officer. The regulatory action comes after the collapse of Zee’s proposed merger with Sony Pictures Networks India. At that time, the deal had faced legal and regulatory hurdles for two years and ultimately was called off in January 2024.
NGT Sets Up Committee To Address Alarming Sundarbans Coastal Erosion
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Development: The National Green Tribunal has taken suo motu cognisance of the serious problem of coastal erosion in the Sundarbans, with a specific focus on Ghoramara Island, which studies say could lose around 40% of its area by 2042. The Tribunal noted that erosion is being driven by climate change, sea-level rise, cyclones and reduced sediment flow, and that existing embankment works are short-term and inadequate. It has therefore set up a joint committee of central and state forest authorities to prepare a long-term plan for mangrove protection and erosion control, including costs, funding sources and timelines, to be submitted within three months.
II. Details of Important Cases
A. Supreme Court
Supreme Court Rejects Plea Against Restrictions On Christian Missionaries Entering Chhattisgarh Tribal Villages
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Verdict: The Supreme Court dismissed a challenge to restrictions imposed by Gram Sabhas in Chhattisgarh tribal villages on the entry of Christian missionaries and pastors, upholding a High Court ruling that directed the petitioner to approach individual Gram Sabhas. The Court rejected Senior Advocate Colin Gonsalves' arguments that the High Court made sweeping remarks about alleged conversions through inducement without factual basis, holding that the relief sought was limited to hoarding removal and the matter should be pursued at the Gram Sabha level rather than through constitutional litigation
‘No Disability Pension For Brain Stroke Caused By Smoking' : Supreme Court Rejects Ex-Army Officer's Claim
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Verdict: The Supreme Court dismissed the disability pension claim of a former Army officer who suffered an ischemic stroke, holding that the disability caused by his habit of smoking ten beedis daily was neither attributable to nor aggravated by military service. The Court upheld the Armed Forces Tribunal's decision, applying Regulation 173 of the Pension Regulations for the Army, 1961, which bars compensation for disablement arising from tobacco use as it is within the member's own control.
Supreme Court Declines To Entertain Pleas On SIR In West Bengal And Assam, Directs Parties To Statutory Remedies
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Verdict: The Supreme Court dismissed petitions relating to the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls, including a challenge to the Election Commission of India’s use of the “logical discrepancy” category in West Bengal and a plea seeking revision of electoral rolls in Assam. The Court held that such grievances do not warrant exercise of Article 32 jurisdiction and must be addressed before statutory authorities, granting liberty to approach the ECI for appropriate remedies. In the Assam matter, the Court noted that the revision exercise had already been completed and emphasised the State’s distinct citizenship framework, observing that the ECI cannot declare a person a foreigner unless determined by a Foreigners Tribunal, while reiterating that earlier directions require the verification process to be conducted transparently and without undue hardship.
Supreme Court Asks Petitioners Seeking Hate Speech FIR Against Assam CM To Approach High Court, Requests HC To Expedite Hearing
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Verdict: The Supreme Court disposed of three petitions seeking FIR registration and SIT probe against Assam Chief Minister Shri Himanta Biswa Sarma over alleged hate speeches targeting Muslims, directing the petitioners to approach the Gauhati High Court instead of exercising its Article 32 jurisdiction. The Court requested the High Court Chief Justice to constitute an appropriate bench and expedite the hearing, while noting that since a writ petition on similar issues filed by Jamiat Ulema‑i‑Hind is already pending before the High Court, the present petitioners, including CPI(M), Annie Raja, and four Assamese individuals, may seek to be impleaded in those proceedings or file fresh pleas before the High Court.
'Why Should Youngsters Suffer?': Supreme Court Dismisses Delhi Govt Challenge To Retrospective Pay Hike For HC Law Researchers
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Verdict: The Supreme Court dismissed a petition filed by the Delhi Government challenging the Delhi High Court directions issued in October 2025 to increase the Law Researchers' honorarium retrospectively. The High Court ordered retrospective payment of enhanced remuneration of ₹ 80,000 per month to its law researchers with effect from October 01, 2022. "Why should the youngsters suffer because of the delay by the Government?" CJI Surya Kant asked the State's counsel during the hearing. The State mainly contends that directions relate to the salaries and allowances, and would require approval of the Governor under Article 229(2) of the Constitution. Additionally, the Government has argued that the retrospective application of the directions would fix a major unbudgeted liability on the State Exchequer. The decision would impose financial liability of ₹ 9.45 crores.
‘We Understand Political Battles’: Supreme Court Dismisses Plea Challenging Quashing Of SC/ST Case Against Telangana CM Revanth Reddy
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Verdict: The Supreme Court upheld the Telangana High Court’s quashing of a 2016 SC/ST Act case against Telangana Chief Minister A. Revanth Reddy, finding no prima facie evidence. The allegations claimed he instigated vandalism at a housing society. CJI Kant termed the plea politically motivated, noting even though Reddy was not the CM, he was an active leader in 2016. A bench led by Chief Justice Surya Kant observed that the High Court had minutely examined the investigation record and taken a plausible view, noting that the allegations linking Reddy were largely inferential and based on hearsay. The Court orally remarked that the litigation appeared to be part of a political battle and declined to interfere, despite the petitioner’s argument that abetment under Section 6 of the SC/ST Act had not been properly considered. The court also remarked that the High Court had conducted an impermissible mini-trial while exercising quashing jurisdiction.
Supreme Court Grants Bail To Another Accused In Pune Porsche Crash Case
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Verdict: The Supreme Court granted bail to Ashpak Makandar, an accused middleman in the Pune Porsche crash case, noting he has been in custody for around 20 months and that similarly placed co‑accused have already been released on bail. The Court ordered that Makandar be released on parity with co‑accused Amar Santosh Gaikwad and others, who are alleged to have helped arrange the tampering of the juvenile driver’s blood samples to conceal alcohol consumption after the 2024 crash that killed two software engineers in Pune’s Kalyani Nagar. The matter concerns an accident that occurred at around 2:30 AM on 19th May, 2024, when a Porsche car, allegedly driven by a juvenile in an inebriated state, rammed into a motorcycle in Pune’s Kalyani Nagar area, killing two software engineers.
Supreme Court Rejects Abu Salem’s Plea For Premature Release, Asks Him To Approach Bombay High Court
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Verdict: The Supreme Court permitted Abu Salem to withdraw his plea seeking premature release, after he argued that with remission for good conduct, he had already completed the 25-year sentence promised under the extradition agreement with Portugal. The Court did not rule on whether this claim was correct, noting that the same issue is already being examined by the Bombay High Court. The Court made clear that Abu Salem must pursue his case there, leaving the final decision on his remission and possible release to the Bombay High Court.
Punjab Regional Town Planning Act: Illegal ‘Change Of Land Use’ Permission Can’t Be Post Facto Legalised: Supreme Court
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Verdict: The Supreme Court set aside a Punjab and Haryana High Court judgment that had upheld an ex post facto approval granting Industrial Change of Land Use (CLU) for a cement unit in Sangrur, holding that a permission illegal at inception cannot be retrospectively validated unless the statute expressly allows it. The Court found that the CLU had been granted contrary to the operative Master Plan classifying the land as agricultural, and that the later approval did not follow the mandatory statutory procedure for amending the Master Plan, including publication and consideration of objections. It further held that the reclassification diluted environmental safeguards without scientific justification, directly implicating public health and safety, and therefore could not survive constitutional scrutiny. All consequential approvals based on the invalid reclassification were withdrawn, though liberty was granted to authorities to undertake a fresh exercise in accordance with law and environmental principles.
‘Only To Embarrass State Govt Before Elections’ : Supreme Court Refuses To Entertain Plea Against Flex Boards In Kerala
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Verdict: The Supreme Court refused to entertain a petition seeking regulation of PVC flex boards in Kerala, observing that the plea appeared to be politically motivated and intended to embarrass the State Government ahead of elections. The petition was filed by an NGO, Human Rights Foundation, challenging the High Court's refusal to entertain the petition seeking to address the issue of pollution caused by plastic products, particularly PVC flex boards. The petitioner's counsel submitted that there are orders in other states against the use of PVC flex boards. Justice Bagchi pointed out that before the High Court, the State informed that it had passed orders and assured that they will be enforced. The validity of those orders is challenged by the association of flex board makers, and it is being considered by another High Court bench, Justice Bagchi added.
Supreme Court Says No To Excessive Leniency During Sentencing Of Criminals, Lays Down Guidelines
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Verdict: The Supreme Court set aside a Madras High Court order that had reduced the custodial sentence of convicts in an attempt-to-murder case to the period already undergone while enhancing compensation, holding that victim compensation cannot substitute punishment. The division bench restored the three-year sentence imposed by the trial court and cautioned against a growing trend of mechanically reducing sentences without proper judicial reasoning. Stressing that punishment serves a deterrent and social purpose, the Court said excessive leniency in serious offences undermines public confidence in the justice system. It laid down sentencing guidelines requiring courts to assess proportionality, facts and evidence, aggravating and mitigating factors, and the wider societal impact of the crime, and held that passage of time or willingness to pay compensation cannot justify dilution of punishment in cases of grave violence.
Principles For Bail In Heinous Crimes Must Apply To Serious Economic Offences : Supreme Court
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Verdict: The Supreme Court has observed that the principles governing bail in heinous offences apply with equal force to serious economic offences, as such crimes directly undermine the economic well-being and quality of life of citizens. A bench of Justices Sanjay Kumar and K Vinod Chandran set aside the Allahabad High Court's Lucknow Bench order, which granted bail to an accused, who is a habitual offender in committing financial crimes. The bench noted that the High Court erred in granting bail solely based on a principle of parity without necessarily weighing the relevant factors, such as his active role in the commission of the crime, and his indulgence in the same activities time and again.
‘National Security Paramount’: Supreme Court Upholds Dismissal Of BSF Officer For Cattle Smuggling Across Indo-Bangladesh Border
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Verdict: The Supreme Court upheld the dismissal from service of Border Security Force Sub‑Inspector Bhagirath Choudhary, convicted by a General Security Force Court under Section 40 of the BSF Act, 1968 for facilitating illegal cattle smuggling across the Indo‑Bangladesh border at Gate No. 16. The Court observed that when national security is paramount, infractions by border‑manning officers cannot be viewed lightly, affirming the composite punishment of six months' rigorous imprisonment and dismissal under Sections 48(1)(c) and 50 of the BSF Act as permissible and proportionate despite his 36 years of service and lack of recovery or eyewitnesses.
Obulapuram Mining Scam Case: SC Dismisses IAS Officer's Plea Seeking Discharge
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Verdict: The Supreme Court dismissed the plea of senior IAS officer Y Srilakshmi seeking discharge in the Obulapuram Mining Company case and upheld the Telangana High Court order reviving the trial against her. The Court held that there was no ground to interfere with the High Court’s decision refusing discharge. According to the CBI, Srilakshmi abused her position as a public servant by allegedly favouring M/s Obulapuram Mining Company (OMC), owned by businessman and former Karnataka minister Gali Janardhan Reddy. Srilakshmi had argued that there were only suspicions and no concrete allegations warranting framing of charges. The High Court, after reconsideration pursuant to earlier directions of the Supreme Court, had dismissed her revision and restored the proceedings
Supreme Court Disposes Plea Against Netflix Film 'Ghooskhor Pandat' After Director Agrees To Change Name
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Verdict: The Supreme Court disposed of a petition challenging the Netflix film ‘Ghooskhor Pandat’ after the director informed the Court through an affidavit that the title would be changed. The division bench took note of the undertaking and closed the proceedings, while also appealing to all parties to put a quietus to the controversy. The plea had alleged that the title was derogatory towards the Brahmin community, and the Court had earlier expressed reservations over denigrating a section of society.
PIL Against Racial Violence: Supreme Court Asks Attorney General To Consider Plea
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Verdict: The Supreme Court refused to entertain a PIL seeking directions to prevent discrimination and racial violence against citizens from the northeast and other regions, observing that identifying persons on grounds of race, region, sex or caste would amount to treading a regressive path. A bench led by Chief Justice Surya Kant said a crime is a crime and must be dealt with firmly, but held that the issue should be placed before the competent authority instead of being examined in writ jurisdiction. The Court disposed of the petition and asked the petitioner to submit a copy to the Attorney General, directing him to consider the plea and refer it to an appropriate authority. The PIL was filed in the backdrop of the allegedly racially motivated killing of Anjel Chakma, student from Tripura in Dehradun.
Supreme Court Dismisses PIL To Ban Building Babri Masjids Or Any Mosque In Babur’s Name
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Verdict: The Supreme Court dismissed a public interest litigation (PIL) seeking a nationwide restraint on the construction or naming of any mosque after Babur or “Babri Masjid”. A bench comprising Justice Vikram Nath and Justice Sandeep Mehta declined to entertain the plea. During the hearing, the petitioner argued that no mosque should be named after Babur and sought directions to restrain such activities across the country. The Court expressed disinclination to consider the plea, following which the petitioner withdrew it and the matter was dismissed as withdrawn. The petition followed a recent controversy in West Bengal, where a former Trinamool Congress member, Humayun Kabir, announced plans to construct a “Babri Masjid” in Murshidabad, triggering public debate.
Public Outrage In High-Profile Cases Understandable But Should Never Dictate Inquiry: SC
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Verdict: The Supreme Court, in the 2002 suicide of Telugu actress Prathyusha, observed that public outrage in high-profile cases, though understandable, must not dictate the course of investigation or judicial inquiry, emphasising that justice must be based on truth established through evidence and impartial analysis. The Court cautioned that allowing public sentiment to influence investigations risks miscarriage of justice and undermines institutional independence. It also criticised the conduct of a doctor who issued an erroneous and prematurely publicised post-mortem report, noting that such actions distorted public perception, eroded trust in investigative agencies, and amounted to contempt of court, though no further action was taken due to the doctor’s demise.
Supreme Court Dismisses Plea Against Bombay HC View That Magistrate Can’t Order Takedown Of Online Content Under S. 69 IT Act
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Verdict: The Supreme Court dismissed a plea challenging the Bombay High Court’s prima facie observation that a Magistrate lacks jurisdiction to direct removal or blocking of online content under Section 69A of the Information Technology Act, 2000 and the 2009 Blocking Rules. The matter arose from proceedings initiated by a charitable organisation alleging defamatory YouTube content, where a Magistrate had directed Google to remove the videos and subsequent non-compliance led to further proceedings. The Sessions Court had stayed the disobedience proceedings and entertained Google’s challenge on jurisdiction, which was upheld by the High Court at a prima facie stage. The Supreme Court declined to interfere with this view, noting that the question of jurisdiction is yet to be finally decided in the pending proceedings. At the same time, the Court clarified that the petitioner is at liberty to pursue civil remedies and that the High Court’s observations would not prejudice adjudication on merits in such proceedings.
Supreme Court Dismisses Uttarakhand Forest Officer’s Plea Against Prosecution Sanction In Corbett Park Tree Felling Case
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Verdict: The Supreme Court dismissed a writ petition filed by a Uttarakhand forest officer challenging the sanction granted for his prosecution in the Corbett Tiger Reserve tree felling case, which is being investigated by the CBI under the Court’s monitoring. During the hearing, the Bench expressed strong disapproval of the officer’s conduct, observing that the allegations indicated misuse of official position and possible forgery, and questioned the State’s stand that only departmental proceedings were sufficient. The Court also reiterated its earlier concern over the Uttarakhand High Court’s stay on the sanction order, noting that such interference affected ongoing proceedings before it.
Delhi Ridge: Supreme Court Allows Felling Of 152 Trees, Diversion Of 2.97Ha Forest Land To Widen Road For Paramilitary Hospital
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Verdict: The Supreme Court yesterday permitted diversion of 2.97 hectares of forest land for construction of a road needed for “better operationalization” of the CAPFIMS paramilitary hospital. The bench observed that such infrastructure is necessary for effective operationalisation of the facility. The court, while granting approval, imposed conditions requiring compensatory afforestation at least five times the number of trees felled and directed that a large number of saplings be planted and ensured to survive under the supervision of an Expert Committee. It also permitted translocation of existing saplings, noting the higher mortality rate in such processes and directing additional plantation to offset losses, while continuing to monitor compliance and implementation of afforestation measures in the matter.
Homebuyer Can’t Be Compelled To Accept Possession Without Occupancy Certificate Obtained By Builder: Supreme Court
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Verdict: The Supreme Court held that homebuyers cannot be compelled to accept possession of a flat in the absence of an Occupancy Certificate (OC) and that obtaining such a certificate is a statutory pre-condition for lawful delivery of possession. The court was hearing an appeal filed by a real estate developer against orders of the NCDRC in a dispute arising from delayed possession in a housing project. The division bench dismissed the developer’s appeal, rejected the offer of possession on an “as is where is” basis, and upheld the NCDRC’s directions requiring completion of construction, obtaining the Occupancy Certificate, and payment of compensation for delay, observing that failure to obtain the certificate constitutes deficiency in service under the Consumer Protection Act.
B. Delhi High Court
Delhi High Court Grants Bail To SDPI President Moideen Faizy In PFI Money Laundering Case
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Verdict: The Delhi High Court granted bail to Social Democratic Party of India (SDPI) President Moideen Kutty K alias MK Faiz in an Enforcement Directorate (ED) money laundering case linked to the banned Popular Front of India. He was arrested by ED in March 2025 at Indira Gandhi International Airport under the PMLA during a money-laundering investigation linked to the PFI. According to ED's case, the SDPI functions as the political front of PFI and relies on it for funding and operations, with proceeds of crime worth crores being routed from PFI to SDPI through undisclosed channels.
Tirupati Laddu Case: Delhi HC To Direct Jagan-Linked Daily To Remove Reports Against Firm Founded By CM Naidu
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Verdict: The Delhi High Court directed Jagati Publications, which runs Sakshi newspaper and Sakshi TV linked to former Andhra Pradesh CM YS Jagan Mohan Reddy, to remove within 24 hours online content from a front‑page report falsely alleging business ties between Heritage Foods (founded by current CM N. Chandrababu Naidu) and Bhole Baba Organic Milkproducts accused in the Tirupati laddu adulteration controversy, failing which social media intermediaries must block it. The Court granted an ex parte injunction after Heritage Foods established a prima facie case of defamation, noting the report mischievously conflated Bhole Baba Milk Food Industries (its actual business partner) with the accused entity supplying adulterated ghee to Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanam, restraining further defamatory publications amid the 2024 controversy where CBI found palm oil adulteration but no animal fats as initially alleged.
Ancestral Or Inherited Properties Can Be Attached Under PMLA: Delhi High Court
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Verdict: The Delhi High Court held that ancestral or inherited properties can be attached under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 and are not immune from attachment. The division bench dismissed an appeal challenging the attachment of a residential property, observing that the statute does not carve out any exception for ancestral properties. The Court noted that where the proceeds of crime are not traceable, the Directorate of Enforcement is empowered to attach untainted properties of equivalent value under the scheme of the Act. It rejected the contention that the property, being purchased by the appellant’s father from legitimate income, could not be attached, holding that such a plea is contrary to the framework of the PMLA.
Open Garbage Bin, Public Urinal In Residential Area Violate Right To Life: Delhi High Court
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Verdict: The Delhi High Court held that the presence of an open garbage bin and a public urinal in a residential area violates the right to life under Article 21, which includes the right to live with dignity in a clean and healthy environment. Observing that mere periodic cleaning was insufficient to address unhygienic conditions and stench, the Court directed the Municipal Corporation of Delhi to demolish the existing facilities within four weeks and to install proper, covered waste collection systems at an appropriate distance from residential premises.
C. Chhattisgarh High Court
Bail Not An Absolute Right For Juveniles Under JJ Act, ‘Ends Of Justice’ A Key Test Under Section 12: Chhattisgarh High Court
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Verdict: The Chhattisgarh High Court refused bail to a juvenile accused of a heinous murder and clarified that bail under Section 12 of the Juvenile Justice Act is not an absolute right and can be denied where release would defeat the “ends of justice”. The Court held that although the JJ Act is a reformative statute, the proviso to Section 12(1) permits denial of bail if release may expose the child to criminal influence or result in injustice, and therefore the gravity and nature of the offence cannot be ignored. In the present case, the Court noted the juvenile’s alleged primary role in a fatal attack with a sharp weapon and relied on the social investigation report indicating adverse influence and need for supervision, concluding that his release could associate him with undesirable elements and undermine justice.
Ejaculation Without Penetration Of Penis Is Only Attempt To Rape, Not Rape: Chhattisgarh High Court
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Verdict: The Chhattisgarh High Court modified a 2005 rape conviction to attempt to rape after holding that ejaculation without penile penetration does not constitute the offence of rape. Hearing an appeal in a 2004 case, the Court noted inconsistencies in the victim’s testimony and medical evidence showing an intact hymen and only a possibility of partial penetration. It held that penetration is the sine qua non of rape and that the acts proved went beyond preparation but fell short of completed rape, thereby attracting liability for attempt under the IPC. The Court reduced the sentence to three years and six months and directed the accused to surrender to serve the remaining term after granting a set-off for time already spent in custody.
D. Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh High Court
Past Conduct Cannot Justify Continued Incarceration: J&K&L High Court Grants Bail To Alleged Ex-Hizbul Mujahideen Militant
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Verdict: The Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh High Court granted bail to a surrendered former Hizbul Mujahideen militant accused under the UAPA and held that past conduct for which an accused has already faced prosecution cannot justify continued incarceration without credible and proximate evidence in the present case. The Court set aside the NIA Court’s order refusing bail and noted that the FIR dated back to 2010 but terror charges were added only in 2022, with no fresh material and with key witnesses surfacing after nearly a decade. It also flagged the absence of recovery of the alleged SIM card forming the basis of the case and relied on Supreme Court precedents to hold that prolonged pre-trial detention cannot override the constitutional guarantee of personal liberty and speedy trial. Finding no prima facie material linking the appellant to post-surrender terrorist activity, the Court ruled that continued custody would amount to pre-trial punishment and released him on strict bail conditions.
E. Orissa High Court
“Campus Must Remain A Safe Space”: Orissa HC Orders Police Outpost, 24×7 Beat House For NLU Odisha
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Verdict: The Orissa High Court quashed criminal proceedings arising out of an alleged abduction and harassment incident involving students of National Law University Odisha after noting a voluntary settlement between the parties and the remote likelihood of conviction. Justice Sanjeeb Kumar Panigrahi held that continuation of the trial would amount to an abuse of process in view of the joint affidavit filed by the complainant stating he did not wish to pursue the case. While granting relief under Section 482 CrPC, the Court expressed concern over recurring incidents around the NLU Odisha campus and issued extensive directions to strengthen security and policing. It directed the establishment of a police outpost at Naraj and a 24×7 police beat house inside the campus, augmentation of campus security, installation of CCTV cameras, regular police patrolling, and coordinated action to prevent supply of alcohol and narcotic substances. The Court also permitted regulatory measures by the university including stricter entry checks, inspections, awareness programmes and creation of a robust grievance redressal mechanism to ensure student safety.
F. Kerala High Court
Kerala High Court Dismisses Plea Challenging Centre’s Order Allowing Old Labour Courts To Function After Enactment Of New Industrial Code
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Verdict: The Kerala High Court dismissed a writ petition challenging the Centre’s 8th December, 2025 notification allowing Labour Courts and Industrial Tribunals constituted under the repealed Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 to continue functioning after the Industrial Relations Code, 2020 came into force. The petitioner argued that the Centre improperly invoked the “removal of difficulties” power under Section 103 of the 2020 Code to extend the life of old adjudicatory bodies. The Court held that permitting existing forums to continue until new institutions are operational does not amount to bypassing the new statute, and relied on precedent to underline that such clauses are intended to smooth transitional gaps in new legislation. Taking note that similar challenges had failed before the Delhi and Madras High Courts, the Court upheld the notification and dismissed the plea.
G. Karnataka High Court
Karnataka High Court Quashes Defamation Case Against Rahul Gandhi For “40% Commission” ADs Against BJP
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Verdict: The Karnataka High Court quashed criminal defamation proceedings against Congress leader Rahul Gandhi filed by BJP leader Keshav Prasad over “40% commission” advertisements and campaign slogans used during the 2023 Karnataka assembly elections. The Court held that allowing the proceedings to continue would amount to an abuse of the process of law and set aside the case, which alleged that Congress leaders spread false advertisements claiming the then BJP-led Government was charging commissions from contractors for execution of public works.
Karnataka HC Sets Aside Subbareddy’s Election As Bagepalli MLA
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Verdict: The Karnataka High Court set aside the 2023 election of Congress MLA S.N. Subbareddy from the Bagepalli Assembly constituency while partly allowing an election petition filed by defeated BJP candidate C. Muniraju. Justice M.G.S. Kamal held in favour of the challenge based on allegations of non-disclosure and false declarations in Subbareddy’s election affidavit and claims of corrupt practices under the Representation of the People Act. However, the Court stayed the operation of its verdict at Subbareddy’s request to enable him to file an appeal.
Karnataka HC Disposes Of Petition Seeking Court Intervention To Solve Bengaluru’s Traffic Woes
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Verdict: The Karnataka High Court declined to intervene in a PIL seeking directions to address Bengaluru’s severe traffic congestion and disposed of the petition. The Court observed that since the State authorities themselves have acknowledged the issue, no specific judicial directions were warranted. The Bench also noted that even the Deputy Chief Minister had flagged the problem publicly, questioning what further directions the Court could issue in such a situation.
H. Allahabad High Court
Allahabad High Court Orders Uttar Pradesh Government To Pay ₹10 Lakh To Family Of Minor Who Died By Suicide In Jail
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Development: The Allahabad High Court directed the Uttar Pradesh Government to pay ₹10 lakh compensation to the family of a minor who died by suicide inside Pilibhit district jail in 2024, holding the State absolutely liable for the custodial death and finding a violation of Article 21. The Court noted that even in cases of suicide in custody, the burden lies on the State to account for the circumstances of death, and found the State’s explanation inadequate. It also directed the State to frame guidelines for compensation in custodial death cases, observing the absence of a clear statutory framework.
I. Andhra Pradesh High Court
‘Maintenance A Right, Not Charity’: Andhra Pradesh High Court Rejects Man’s Plea Against Payments To Estranged Wife, Son
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Verdict: The Andhra Pradesh High Court dismissed a husband’s criminal revision plea challenging a family court order directing him to pay monthly maintenance to his estranged wife and minor son. Justice Y Lakshmana Rao held that maintenance is not charity but a right and flows from the legal obligation arising out of marriage and family relationship. The Court upheld the family court’s direction to pay Rs 7,500 per month to the wife and Rs 5,000 per month to the child, rejecting arguments that the order was arbitrary or perverse. It observed that maintenance is a measure of social justice rooted in constitutional principles protecting women and children and is meant to prevent economic destitution. The Court reiterated that the obligation to maintain dependents is a continuing socio legal duty that cannot be avoided on grounds of financial difficulty.
J. Bombay High Court
Bombay High Court Permits Rape Survivor's Child To Take Last Name, Caste Of Her Single Mother In School Records
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Verdict: The Aurangabad Bench of the Bombay High Court directed school authorities in Beed to update the records of a 12‑year‑old girl, born to a rape survivor, to reflect only her single mother’s name (as surname) and caste, rejecting refusals based on the Secondary School Code. The Court held that official documentation cannot fossilise identity or perpetuate patriarchal lineage assumptions, especially where the biological father renounced all ties via a 2022 settlement after assaulting the mother, emphasising that “recognition of a single mother as a complete parent... reflects the movement from patriarchal compulsion to constitutional choice” and compulsion to carry the absent father's caste risks stigma contrary to social reality.
Bombay High Court Closes 1947 Property Suit Involving Over 2,900 Acres Of Land In North Mumbai
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Verdict: The Bombay High Court disposed of one of the oldest suits pending before it, dating back to 1947. After nearly 79 years of litigation, the fourth generation of the original landowners reached a settlement in a dispute related to a property in North Mumbai’s Dahisar. The complaint was filed on 7th October, 1947, and sought administration of the estate of a man named Haji Alimohammed Haji Cassum. The case concerned the administration and distribution of Cassum’s property, spread over 2,981 acres of land, including the entire village of Dahisar, which is now a bustling suburb. After prolonged proceedings, the consent terms were agreed upon by five signatories, and the suit was disposed of.
K. Madras High Court
Caste Names Cannot Be Used In Temple Festival Invitations; Annihilate Caste: Madras High Court
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Verdict: The Madras High Court ruled that temples administered by the Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments (HR&CE) Department cannot print caste names or suffixes in festival invitations, directing Arulmigu Kandhasamy Thirukovil at Thiruporur to print only donors' names without caste references from the next Masi Brahmotsavam onwards. The Court held that since HR&CE is a Government body, such invitations propagate caste identity contrary to Article 14’s equality principle and the Republic’s purpose to treat everyone equally, observing that “caste is a thing that exists only in the minds of the people” and every authority must “annihilate caste and not perpetuate the same,” while declining interference with the 2026 festival already underway and requests for SOP on idol carriers during processions.
PMK Leadership Dispute: Madras High Court Dismisses Ramadoss’ Pleas For Party Presidency, ‘Mango’ Symbol
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Verdict: The Madras High Court dismissed writ petitions filed by PMK founder Dr. Ramadoss seeking directions to the Election Commission of India to recognise him as party president and to freeze the “Mango” symbol ahead of the 2026 Assembly elections. The Division Bench held that disputes relating to party leadership and symbol entitlement fall within the domain of the competent civil court and not the writ jurisdiction. Taking note of submissions that the PMK had lost its recognised status and that similar issues were already pending before civil courts, the Court declined to issue directions to the ECI and directed the parties to work out their remedies before the civil court.
K. Other Tribunal and District Court Orders
NGT Clears Great Nicobar Island Mega-Infrastructure Project, Cites ‘Strategic Importance’
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Verdict: The National Green Tribunal cleared the ₹92,000-crore Great Nicobar Island mega-infrastructure project while disposing of a batch of challenges to its 2022 environmental clearance, holding that given the project’s “strategic importance” it found no ground to interfere and directing authorities to ensure strict compliance with clearance conditions. Referring to the high-powered committee earlier constituted to examine concerns relating to coral reefs, leatherback turtle nesting sites and alleged entry into protected zones, the Tribunal said the remaining issues had been adequately addressed and that no other substantial gaps were shown by the applicants. It endorsed a “balanced approach” between strategic development and environmental safeguards, relied on Government submissions that no coral reefs lie within the core work area and that CRZ-IA violations were not established, and placed responsibility on the Environment Ministry to implement coral protection, shoreline preservation and ecological monitoring plans.
‘Arbitrariness, Lack Of Transparency’: Armed Forces Tribunal Quashes Army’s ‘Arbitrary’ M.Tech Selection Process
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Verdict: In a significant ruling that exposes serious flaws in the Indian Army’s selection for prestigious postgraduate technical training, the Armed Forces Tribunal has set aside the entire 2024-26 M.Tech selection under the Post Graduate Training scheme, terming it arbitrary, non-transparent, and violative of Article 14. The bench allowed a batch of eight original applications. The officers, all commissioned in key technical arms such as the Army Air Defence Corps (AAD), the Corps of Electronics and Mechanical Engineering (EME), and the Corps of Signals, challenged the final selection result notified on 1st July, 2024. They alleged that the Army Headquarters and Army Training Command (ARTRAC) blatantly violated its own February 2022 policy, which mandated 70% weightage to written examination in GATE scores for 2024-26 and 30% weightage to Military Secretary inputs for preparing an overall merit list before shortlisting for interviews.
Sabarimala Gold Theft: Kerala Court Grants Bail To Senior Thantri Kandararu Rajeevaru
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Verdict: A vigilance court in Kerala granted bail to senior Sabarimala Thantri Kandararu Rajeevaru in two cases arising out of the alleged misappropriation of gold from the Sabarimala temple, where several kilograms of gold were found missing after repair works to gold-plated temple structures. The Kollam Enquiry Commissioner and Special Judge allowed the bail plea despite the SIT’s submission that the Thantri had close links with the prime accused and conspired in recommending the repair works that facilitated the pilferage. The case is being probed by a Special Investigation Team constituted under Kerala High Court supervision, and separate money laundering proceedings are also underway, while several co-accused have already secured bail. Following the grant of bail, the SIT has indicated that it is considering approaching the Kerala High Court to challenge the bail order, stating that certain observations made by the vigilance court are factually incorrect and could adversely affect the ongoing investigation.
Ramanathapuram Court Sentences Sri Lankan Couple, Indian National To Three Years In Jail Over Fake Passports, Terror Links
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Verdict: A Ramanathapuram Principal District Sessions Court sentenced a Sri Lankan couple to two years’ imprisonment each and an Indian national to three years’ imprisonment for illegally staying in India, obtaining Indian passports through fake documents and maintaining links with a terrorist organisation. The court found that the couple had secured ration cards, Aadhaar cards and multiple SIM cards with the assistance of the Indian national and subsequently obtained Indian passports on the basis of forged documents. Investigation by the Ramanathapuram Q Branch police revealed that one of the accused was in contact with a Sri Lankan preacher based in Karachi who was linked to a terrorist organisation. The court also imposed fines on the convicts.
Overall, the week’s proceedings demonstrate how litigation before constitutional courts increasingly intersects with policy implementation, electoral processes, and federal political dynamics. Several matters including the CAA challenge, Sabarimala review, labour law interpretation, and tribunal reforms have the potential to shape long-term legal fr
ameworks affecting governance and administration. At the same time, ongoing criminal and corruption cases involving political figures, along with disputes relating to electoral integrity and state policy choices, indicate that the courts remain an important arena where legal scrutiny and policy narratives converge. The developments tracked in this edition therefore provide a useful snapshot of how legal proceedings continue to influence both policy debates and policy strategy across the country.